Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act Research Paper Example

Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act Paper The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a program enacted by the Bush administration to answer necessities of implementing bipartisan solutions to fortify the foundation of the educational system in the United States. Concepts framing the NCLB involve granting accountability to the federal, state, and local governments as well as educational institutions regarding academic performance of students, implementing programs and utilizing facilities and resources that highly contribute to learning, providing funds to the grassroots level of educational administration, and empowering parents to become involved in their children’s education. (Bush, 2008) The government is expecting that the NCLB will result to improved educational quality and standards by providing comprehensive educational programs and opportunities to disadvantaged children, focusing on improving the field of teaching, incorporating programs that promote fluency in the English language. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Informing parents of educational plans and choices suited for their children, structuring educational institutions to uphold safety and wellbeing of children, increased funding for granting educational aids and other forms of assistance to underprivileged, and granting accountability to stakeholders. (Bush, 2008) The NCLB is a major contributing factor in improving the current status of education in the country. For instance, health concerns perceived by educational institutions led to the development of curricula that are framed within the context of children’s health interests. Other concerns drafted under the framework of health curricula include self-management in terms of looking out for one’s health and wellbeing, promotion of healthy choices, and teaching a variety of concepts in health education. (Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 1999) All these are directed towards establishing a healthy society for enhanced living and productivity. So how can these objectives be achieved, or how can educational institutions adapt the NCLB in order to enhance the teaching of a health curriculum to students? The answer lies in synthesizing concepts of the NCLB to health curricula to formulate content adhering to health education and promotion, while at the same time considering the needs of children in terms of health services in order to maximize learning opportunities. Initially, the NCLB may be applied in constructing a health curriculum. A health curriculum is sensitive of health issues such as literacy, promotion, and application of values and practices pertaining to health and well being. NCLB in the initial stages of drafting a health curriculum is able to materialize itself by considering physical, mental, and emotional aspects of student development. The objective of NCLB is to ensure that no one gets left behind in terms of education – meaning, that all students are able to acquire necessary education within their levels. With this in mind, initial considerations should include the background of the students. To fully realize the concept of NCLB under the context of health curriculum, the curriculum itself should be designed such that the students will be able to accomplish learning objectives under it. The health curriculum should be designed such that it is sensitive to the learning needs and individual differences of the students. In addressing this primary concern, programs and activities under the health curriculum will ensure that all students will be able to grasp specific concepts within their own learning skills and capabilities as learners. Generally, the preparedness of students is being identified in all three aspects – the physical, emotional, and mental learning needs.   Considering physical needs involve asking questions such as, â€Å"are students prepared to carry out physical activities demanded by the health curriculum?† This includes monitoring physical skills and abilities in order to structure attainable and realistic kinesthetic health activities. Emotional needs include the learners’ capacity to accept and give value to health concepts as they are revealed to them. One very sensitive issue when it comes to health literacy is the concept of puberty and gender differences. In this case, teachers should gauge whether learners are ready to confront these personal and perceptive issues during the learning process. Learning needs pertaining to mental capacity involves questioning the ability of students to comprehend health concepts. Teachers should ask themselves whether students are already able to give meaning and interpret health concepts as they are. (Lewallan, 2004) Aside from considering these learning needs, teachers should also address individual differences. The rate of growth and development for each learner differs. There are fast learners and late bloomers. Some learners might be skilled in physical activities but weak in mental exercises. To address these concerns, application of the NCLB in a health curriculum is needed in order to formulate a flexible curriculum that appropriate to the learning styles and individual differences of the learners. To prove contrast, if a health curriculum is strictly standardized, aiming at a singular learning objective through same levels of learning activities and programs, say for instance practical health examinations, only those skilled physically will be able to experience success and accomplish learning objectives. How about students who are not skilled in physical examinations but exhibit excellence in mental activities? Health curricula drafted under the NCLB should be flexible to individual differences, varying learning styles, and learning needs. (Lewallan, 2004) Works Cited Bush, G. W. (2008). â€Å"Foreword by President George W. Bush.† Retrieved from The White House. 09 Sep 2008. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/reports/no-child-left-behind.html Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (1999). â€Å"Massachusetts Comprehensive Health Curriculum Framework – October 1999.† Retrieved September 9, 2008, from Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Website: http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/health/1999/core.html

Dehumanization essays

Dehumanization essays Dehumanization of Slaves And What It Is To Be Human By stripping slaves of their human qualities, slave owners dehumanized their slaves. Being a human means to have emotions and to have control on how you feel and what you feel about it. The ability to make decisions on our own is also an important trait humans have. Frederick Douglass was a slave in the 1800s and achieved freedom to which he is able to explain what slaves went through and how they were treated. Slaves were forced to work for white men on plantations, and were given little or no food, clothes, and/or shelter to live in. These slaves also never had the chance to learn to read, write, or anything to that degree. Inside, humans possess the power to feel or to have emotions. Certain things in life strike emotions and cause sadness, anger, or any other feelings a human may have. Another quality humans possess is to sense the feelings in others. In this book, The Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick witnesses his aunt being strung up half naked by her hands and whipped senseless by her master. The only feeling is fear that this woman may have. Animals are psychologically trained by being punished for doing something wrong in much the same way the slaves were trained. This kind of treatment made slaves emotionless about life in general. ....the early separation of us from our mother had well nigh blotted the fact of our relationship from our memories( Douglass, 5). This quote shows the emotions that Frederick had for his own flesh and blood and how it didnt mean very much to him when his mother passed away. While slaves didnt have the chance to have human feeleings, anything they did was for someone else. Slave owners controled the entire lives of slaves woring on plantaions. The clothing, food, and any other possesions slaves ahd were given to them by their owners. The ow...

Narrative about family during a holiday gathering Assignment

Narrative about family during a holiday gathering - Assignment Example However, his abilities, experience and luck are the factors which help in his life. It took a few months when he got a suitable job for himself and showed his satisfaction with the environment and rules. The distress and depression that he has faced in the past few months needed to be relieved. Once again, a family gathering was organized to celebrate his success and I took the responsibility of all the arrangements. Since it is not a party arranged for a young teenager, it took me a while to think of the setups needed. He is no more a high school kid but is the manager of a multinational business with his sons getting education from the best universities in the state. I was much worried of keeping in view their living standards and prepare things higher than their expectations. Mary took the responsibility of making his favorite chocolate cookies topped with honey and peanuts, Kate decorated the wide lawn of our house with flowers and sophisticated decoration material and I made calls to all the family members for the party. The air was filled with the fragrance of flowers and the lights are giving a pleasant view of the beautifully decorated place. The family members sitting on the chairs gossiping about their life affairs were having a pleasant time together. Children playing, running, talking and giggling around the chairs, rooms and people. Mother Mary asked me â€Å"Is jack busy grabbing some surprise for us?† Obviously he was on time and always opted for the unusual surprises on such occasions. The picnic arranged for him after his high school was memorable especially for the gifts he brought for all of our family members and the guitar he brought for me specially. â€Å"What would the surprise be?† Mary asked again out of curiosity bringing me back to the real world. I smiled and hugged her for the impatience she showed and asked her to wait a

Select writter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Select writter - Assignment Example This paper is narrowing the hospitality industry to discuss the hotel industry alone (hostels, hotels and resorts). In addition, this paper will discuss whether the hotel industry is perfectly competitive or not. The hotel industry is very competitive with lots of giant hotel companies in the market (Enz, 65). These hotels and resorts have huge finances thus give each other high and on toes competition. Huge finances ensures the hotels offer the best packages, best food variety and standards, best facilities with additionalinfrastructures like gyms, spas, Jacuzzi, internet, cableTV, Wi-Fi , salons and barber shops and many more . This industry no few firms can claim dominance because they are each giants in their own ways.Althoughin 2014, a list of the best hotels in the world included a few like the Hilton hotels, Fairmonthotels, the Four Season hotels, intercontinental hotels and the Grand Regency. A typical hotel business includes a building with a part set for the restaurant where clients can eat and drink. It may also contain a small side bar where smokers and alcoholic drinks are served where only adults are allowed entry. A typical hotel can also have rooms where clients can book to spend the nights. Other facilities like a telephone booth and ATM machines can be included. The management includes a manager, supervisors, waiters, cooks and cleaners(Barrows, Clayton & Thomas, 109). Also a person handling finances may be included. The hotel market is open to all thus serves a large number of consumer. In fact hotels are the most used services after transport and fashion because people have to eat daily and event take place daily. This is because due to the harsh competition every hotel has to package its services at a cost friendly price in order of the target market. This means everybody has his or her standard where they can find cost and quality attractive at the same time. According toHarris et al, hotels make an average of 4410 pounds

Hurricanes and flood zones crimes related in my area Essay

Hurricanes and flood zones crimes related in my area - Essay Example Additionally, these scholars argued that hot and cold seasons affect individuals directly making them unable to control their inhibitions and are subjects of aggressive behaviors. According to research conducted a few decades ago, crime property is more likely to happen during the cold season. Recently, there are questions about crime and weather, climate and crime and crime and season and how they influence criminal behaviors. There are some traditional beliefs that associate weather and human behavior based on wraithlike causes; this ranges from the weather gods to the location of the heavenly bodies. Other people assume that climatic conditions of a particular area influence the population of those living in that area. For instance, the southern climates of United States are hot are therefore produced hot-blooded people while the northern part is cold and, therefore, produces people who are cold-blooded. Early 1800s, criminologists argued that climate influence the biology of a person, which could result in a population of a particular climate to have higher rates of crimes. Many scientists have criticized most of the assumptions that relate crimes and weather. However, some current theories of crime provide some reasonable arguments why climate is said to influence cr iminal behaviors (Siegel, 2008). This paper discusses the levels of crime during the normal weather conditions and extreme weather conditions. Also, the paper seeks to describe the hazards in relation what it might do to the community and the severity of the effect. Further, the paper will outline some actions that could be taken to mitigate or prevent impacts of crimes in a community that is dealing weather related events. Studies show that in Chicago higher temperatures and extreme rainfall results increased cases of conflict. Some documentaries indicate that hurricanes and floods in Chicago have increased violent crimes in the

The Environmental Effect of the Meat Industry

The Environmental Effect of the Meat Industry One of the fastest growing industries in the world today is the meat/livestock industry. Meat is considered a normal good, which means that demand for meat increases as consumer income increases. Traditionally, meat has been regarded as an expensive food item in Western countries. As world population is increasing and as economies of the developing countries are getting stronger, demand for meat is also growing (Vinnari, 2008). Meat industry is one of those sectors that are one of the biggest contributors of global gas emissions and have big environmental and social impacts. The use of land, energy, water, and various emissions and wastes are all widely recognized by people and governments (Vinnari, 2008). According to a report by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, also known as the FAO, meat production is accountable for about a fifth of all greenhouse gas emissions. It is widely accepted in the scientific world that greenhouse gases like carbon and methane are c ausing rapid global climate change, environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Yet, the meat industry business seems to be unperturbed by the state of the environment, inhumane treatment of animals, or the unhygienic conditions in which they are kept which leads to spread of diseases like bird flu in humans. Over the years, meat industry has adopted practices that are unethical. For example in many countries, primarily in the United States, most of the cattle are grain fed as opposed to grass fed. This is so that the cattle can grow bigger and fatter, faster. While it may very well be profitable for the industry, it is unethical in the sense that it is inhumane. There are also social implications as a large amount of grain is fed to the cattle when there are people dying from hunger all over the world. Unhygienic conditions of the feedlots question business practices of the industry. As a food industry, it owes a duty of care to its customers and has a responsibility of provid ing quality food that is free of bacteria or virus which can be very harmful to the human health. According to the FAO report, meat consumption is estimated to more than double by the year 2050 (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). With depleting natural resources, such as water and land cover, it will become harder to meet the demands of the growing human population. In such a scenario, the industry will most likely adopt practices that are even more unethical than the existing ones. It is therefore, not only important for businesses to take on sustainable meat production practices but also imperative for us, the consumer, to study our meat consumption habits and make certain changes in our lifestyle. Since we utilize resources from this planet, our natural environment is our responsibility. Educating ourselves and changing our meat consumption patterns will definitely slow down and to some extent get rid of the problem that the meat industry has and is creating. In this assignment, I w ill be discussing the environmental and social implications of the meat industry and then analyze from the perspective of various ethical theories. Environmental Impact Analysis: As mentioned above in the introduction, meat production and consumption has many environmental and social implications. It is imperative for businesses and consumers to recognize the problem and work towards mitigating the impacts. For the purpose of this assessment, I will be considering the environmental impacts i.e. resource usage/depletion and global warming as well as the social impacts i.e. unequal distribution of food, inhumane treatment of animals and analyzing them using different ethical theories. I will also be providing recommendations to curtail the growing impact of the industry. Resource Depletion: Our natural environment provides important ecosystem services like food, recreational opportunities, disease regulation that human life ultimately depends upon. Overtime, humans have changed and altered the ecosystem by depleting it in order to meet the growing human demands of freshwater, timber and food. As human population is increasing, per capita demand for ecosystem services is also growing at a fast pace and how these demands are met will determine the future of ecology and economy of our planet. Meat industry poses a major threat to the ecosystem as human activities continue to clear forests in order to grow crops that will be fed to cattle and use water to rear cattle. It is estimated that food production will need to double by the year 2030 to feed the projected global human population of around 9 billion people. Water scarcity is already a problem in many countries as around two billion people suffer from the lack of it and it is estimated that the number of people facing water scarcity will double by the year 2030 (Bennet Balvanera, 2007). Livestock uses about a third of the worlds entire land surface which includes pastures and arable land that provides livestock feed. As Chinese, European and US farmers are running out of land to rear animals for meat and crop production, demand for meat is forcing intensive agriculture into tropical rainforests of developing countries like Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). Global Warming: Global warming is a widely accepted phenomenon and most of the impacts of global warming can already be seen across the world. Retreating glaciers, rising sea levels, thawing tundra, hurricanes and extreme weather conditions are increasing both in frequency and intensity and animals such as penguins, polar bears are struggling to survive. Many species are finding it hard to adapt to changing weather because it is becoming very unpredictable (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008 ). Most of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide (around 35 percent) are due to agriculture practices, primarily animal husbandry and land changes associated with the process of rearing animals for meat. Emissions from this sector are higher than the transport sector or the power generation sector. Two powerful greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide associated with livestock production, contribute more to global warming than carbon dioxide (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). An FAO report on the current and future effe cts of livestock production on the worlds environment and climate states that the livestock sector is growing faster than any other sector and most of this growth is going to happen in developing countries, i.e. in countries with low to middle incomes (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). Livestock production which includes deforestation for grazing land and producing soy feed for animals, carbon lost from soil that is grazed, energy used for growing feed crops, for processing and transporting grains and meat, nitrous oxide released from the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, and gases like methane from animal manure and enteric fermentation all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Nine percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, 30-40 percent of methane emissions and 65 percent of all nitrous oxide emissions come from this sector. Methane and nitrous oxide are known to have a greater warming potential than does carbon dioxide (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). Production of fertilizers fo r feed crops requires burning of fossil fuels which releases about 41 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. These fertilizers are produced in factories that depend on fossil fuel energy. Animal populations in large and confined factory like settings have significantly increased and along with it has increased methane emissions from both the animals and their manure. These factory like landless facilities produce more manure than can be used as fertilizer on cropland. This manure is distributed to a landmass which usually results in soil accumulation and runoff of pollutants like phosphorous and nitrogen. Half of the energy produced from fossil fuel goes into heating, cooling and ventilation of these facilities and the other half goes into producing seeds, herbicides, pesticides and in the operation of farm machinery (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Majority of the countries in Africa and Asia currently use pasture based methods to raise animals. However this trend is likely to change as countries in Latin America and some countries in Asia are starting to favor intensive farming methods like the one seen in developed counties like the United States (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Forests and soils act as carbon sinks as they hold much of the carbon dioxide. Deforestation and degradation of land release much of this stored carbon gas back into the atmosphere thus increasing level of the gas in the atmosphere. Animal agriculture is a major reason for conversion of wooded land into cropland for feed production or grazing land, and deforestation emits 2.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide annually. A big negative impact of the meat industry can be seen in Latin America which has seen the largest net loss of forests and greatest emission of stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Theory Application: Knowing the impacts of meat production on the environment, various theories can be applied in favor of changing our production and consumption patterns. Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory, states that an action is morally right if it results in maximum benefit for all parties involved. Utilitarianism evaluates right and wrong action by considering costs and harms and weighing them against benefits (Kunkel, 1996). Since this theory advocates maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, it would support changing meat consumption patterns to curtail growing ill effects of meat production on the environment. If we compare the costs of meat production to the benefits, we will realize that the cost and harm is much greater than the limited benefits that are achieved. Limited benefits being employment, pleasures of taste, profits for industry, and harm being damage done to the environment. Intrinsic value of nature holds higher worth than all the benefits of the meat industry combined an d it deserves to be protected. Our natural environment provides many important ecosystem services that cannot be replaced if our environment is destroyed or our ecosystems are altered. Everyone on this planet depends on these ecosystem services and any irreversible damage will affect each and every one of us. Ethics of duty states that in order to be moral every person should have a realization of a sense of duty (Baron, 1985). I believe that since we use services provided by the environment and since the ecosystem services are so crucial to our existence and survival, we have a duty towards the natural world and we should preserve it to ensure live continues to flourish. However, the meat industry operates contrary to this belief. It degrades our natural environment by deforestation, water consumption, fossil fuel use, and adding to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. If we consider the Islamic environmental ethics, it also states that humans owe a duty to the natural world. Islamic law (Shariah) states that conservation of the environment is based on the principle that the environment and everything it consists of is created by God and everything has a function in the natural environment. Just because humans make use of various environmental services, it does not mean that human use is the only reason for their creation. It thus states that all humans have a duty to preserve and protect it (Deen, 1990). Social Impact Analysis: Every business has its share of environmental and social impacts, and meat industry has some obvious impacts on the environment and the society within which it operates. As with the environment, meat industry also has numerous social impacts that are growing with time. Social impacts include humans as well as animals and contemporary methods of meat production tend to overlook these impact. Developing or poor countries are and will bear the brunt of consequences being brought about by climate change. Environmental degradation is a medium for current conflicts and instability in many areas of Sudan. With rising temperatures, and depleting water resources, farmers and herders are fighting with each other to gain access and control of these natural commodities. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said that that two of the major problems in Sudan- land degradation and desertification are caused by an explosive growth in livestock numbers( Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). United Nations Secretary, General Ban Ki-moon also said that natural disasters caused by climate change will trigger war and conflicts around the world. As global temperatures change, infectious diseases spread more quickly and affect more people (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Equitable distribution of food is also a major concern since half the worlds poverty stricken population goes to bed hungry every night. Excessive meat production consumes most of the crop production that could have fed millions of people around the world. It takes twenty pounds of grain to feed a cow which is to be slaughtered to produce one pound of beef protein. It only seems like a waste when those twenty pounds of grain that were fed to the cow could have been used to feed many people in that country (Shaw Newholm, 2002). It is usually the poor countries that suffer from climactic changes. Majority of human induced global warming is caused by operations of industrialized nations, and it is the poorer nations that suffer from such operations. Global warming most affects areas that are hot and dry. These are also the regions where infectious diseases spread rapidly. When a natural disaster strikes, people in these poor nations suffer the most because they have more difficulty in moving away from changes in climate and they also experience difficulties in buying food incase crop is destroyed or its productivity is affected (Mendelsohn, Dinar Williams, 2006). According to FAOSTAT, around 56 billion animals are reared and slaughtered for human consumption every year and this number is only going to increase over time, primarily in the developing world (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Inhumane treatment of animals is also a harsh reality of the meat industry. Thousands of animals are locked up in cramped, confined spaces and kept on high doses of vitamins and antibiotics to reduce the risk of diseases. In countries like the US, cattle are grain fed as so it can grow bigger faster. These unnatural conditions not only increase stress for the animal but also leads to higher occurrence of density-promoted diseases. Studies have found that crowding often includes cannibalistic attacks among poultry and pigs. Other practices that question meat industry practices include inflicting pain by castration, branding, dehorning, beak trimming, and inadequate stunning before slaughter. Deep muscle myopathy, fluid accumulation and skeletal disorders associa ted with accelerated muscle growth and restricted movement can be seen quite commonly in facilities where animals are mass produced for meat (Smil, 2002). Not only is the treatment of animals inhumane in most of these facilities, but also these facilities are not exactly hygienic and do not ensure that the meat produced is fit for human consumption. Waste water loaded with nitrate and animal excrement often seeps into groundwater. Mad cow disease was caused by feeding ground sheep brains to cows and unfortunately it is still widely used practice in animal husbandry. Between the years 1980-1996 over 750,000 head of cattle infected with this disease were slaughtered for human consumption in Britain. Other such cases include H5N1 avian influenza (bird flu) that spread from chicken and killed many people in Hong Kong (Smil, 2002). Meat packing is United States one of most dangerous occupations. In 2002, about 25 percent of employees in meat packing factories experienced nonfatal occupational injury or illness whereas serious/fatal injuries and illness were five times the national average, and frequency of repeated physical traumas such as back problems and tendinitis is 30 times higher than the private industry mean (Smil, 2002). Theory Application: Utilitarianism also justifies changing meat consumption patterns when taking into consideration the social impacts of the industry. Whether it is the inhumane treatment of animals, exploitation of natural resources which often leads to social unrest in poor countries, impact of human induced global climate change, meat industry both directly and indirectly creates and facilitates a number of problems in the society. . Utilitarianism focuses on creating maximum benefit for maximum number of people. It therefore supports reducing meat consumption as not only does production of meat require more land, water and energy usage than production of crops, it leads to inequitable distribution of food around the world. Utilitarianism can be argued on the grounds of animal welfare because we dont have a need for animal products and we can survive without. Our penchant for meat is only a matter of taste. Our interests in animals and animal products hold lesser value and cannot be more important t han animals interest in life and freedom from suffering (George, 1994). When we compare the benefits of the industry to the amount of harm or pain it brings to the society, the harm/loss clearly outweighs the benefits/pleasure supporting the premise of this paper that meat industry has very unethical and unsustainable practices and that we as consumers should rethink our consumption patterns and the industry should also change to reduce its enormous negative impact on the environment and the society. Ethics of rights states that every living creature is entitled to certain basic rights such as the right to life, security and freedom from harm. Just because cognitive abilities of animals are not as developed as those of humans, it does not suggest that they are incapable of feeling pleasure or pain and it doesnt give humans any reason to inflict pain upon them. In fact, having higher cognitive ability puts greater responsibility on humans to respect other creatures because we have a sense of morality and the ability to reason. Animals also are entitled to have certain natural rights, such as the right to life (Regan, 1980). Animals are part of the moral community and failure to acknowledge that is called speciesism. Speciesism is wrong and unethical in the same way that racism and sexism is wrong (George, 1994). Humans and animals are similar in that they both have similar interests in not being harmed or killed, and because we share that relationship, we should show more sensitiv ity towards other living things. Humans and non humans are subject-of-a-life and experience pain, suffering, and various emotions. Inherent value is contrasted with instrumental value that tools and other objects have. Just like humans, animals too are subjects-f-a-life and have an intrinsic value. Therefore, they should not be regarded as means to the end of others. They should not be treated as tools but should be respected for what they are. Because animals have rights, it is unethical to exploit them and kill them for our own pleasure or economic benefit (George, 1994). Animal welfare can also be justified on the grounds of ethics of care which states that a moral person is one who cares for others and is considerate of the other persons needs (Li, 1994). It puts an emphasis on values such as caring and advocates maintaining relationships with peace and harmony. If we consider religious ethics then Hinduism advocates practicing Ahimsa or non- violence with fellow creatures as it stresses acting with care. Ahimsa is quite similar to the western philosophy of ethics of care (feminist ethics) in that it also emphasizes having non-harmful intent in all actions and absence of enmity toward other people and animals. Ahimsa teaches acting with care towards others and being thoughtful of how your actions can affect those around you. It promotes love and non-hostility towards all beings and its goal is to eliminate violence from our nature (Corner, 2009). The meat industry works in contradiction to the concept of ahimsa and ethics of care. It doesnt have any regard for the environment, nor does it show empathy for animals that are slaughtered. The concept of ahimsa and ethics of care is the antithesis of the meat industry. Meat industry doesnt do anything to build a harmonious relationship with the environment or with the animals. We also see lack of care and concern for people who are affected by industrial practices. Most affected by the industry are poor people in developing countries who depend on resources being exploited by the meat industrys unsustainable practices. As meat industries are buying land in the developing world to grow feed crop, local indigenous people are losing the land that they depend upon for survival (Repetto Holmes, 1983). This again underscores the fact that practices of meat industry do not fit in with ethics of care or ahimsa. Conclusion and Recommendation: Meat industry has an egoistic approach in that it focuses on meeting short term interests of economic prosperity while ignoring the long term negative impact on the environment. The analysis above makes it quite clear that meat industry has severe long term environmental and social implications and that its unsustainable and callous practices are beyond the pale. Its not possible to shut down the meat industry completely as long as there are consumers. However, the best we can do as responsible and rational beings is to educate ourselves on the impacts, make lifestyle changes and rethink our meat consumption habits to mitigate the impact of the meat industry. It is equally important for the industry to take on sustainable meat production practices. As consumers we can make certain lifestyle changes such as switching to meat analogues or mock meat, and reducing our real meat consumption. Governments can play their part by transferring agricultural production away from meat production in countries where meat production is the highest (Vinnari, 2008). Governments should also remove subsidies and place higher taxes on meat products. By doing so, consumers will have to pay more for meat which will likely decrease meat consumption (Shaw Newholm, 2002). Technological advancements of product Ad campaigns can make a big difference by increasing consumer knowledge about animal rights, meat production, and its negative social as well as environmental impacts (Vinnari, 2008).

The Dream Act Promotes Illegal Immigration Essay -- Argumentative, Per

Today, there are about 80,000 undocumented students who will graduate from high school in the United States. Nearly 65,000 of these students will not only be graduating, but have been living in the country for five years or more. Undocumented students face various challenges as they move along the academic pipeline. Yet, a growing number of them are graduating from U.S. high schools each year prepared to enter our nation’s colleges and universities. These students are most likely in favor of the Dream Act, Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act. This is a proposed legislation in the United States that was introduced to the Senate on August 1, 2001, and was re-introduced on March 26, 2009 (Miranda). This proposed bill will grant amnesty to illegal aliens who entered the country as children illegally but now meet the requirements and reverses current law to allow states to provide taxpayer subsidize in-state tuition to illegal aliens. Also, qualifying undocumente d youths will be eligible for a 6 year long conditional path to citizenship that requires completion of a college degree or two years of military service (Miranda). In order to qualify for The Dream Act, if it is passed, the person must meet five requirements. One requirement includes that the person who is applying must have entered the United States before the age of sixteen (Miranda). This condition should logically disqualify the chances of the applicant’s parents to qualify for The Dream Act, unless if they are under the age of sixteen. However, this poses an issue for if the minor does not have a guardian with citizenship already inhabiting the states this does not change the fact that it won’t stop the minor’s parents from entering the country illega... ...ed as a law. Rather a reformation of the proposed legislation to better suit the majority’s needs as well as help innocent students should be considered. Works Cited Arne, Duncan. "Why DREAM Act is right for U.S., young people." USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 1 July 2011. Brad Knickerbocker Staff, writer, and writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo Monitor staff. "DREAM act poised for Senate vote Saturday." Christian Science Monitor 17 Dec. 2010: N.PAG. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 July 2011. Mertens, Richard. "College-educated and illegal: Immigrants pin job hopes on DREAM Act." Christian Science Monitor 15 Dec. 2010: N.PAG. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 30 June 2011. MIRANDA, MARà A EUGENIA. "DREAM Act, Part II." Diverse: Issues in Higher Education 28.6 (2011): 8. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 1 July 2011.

Music Triggers Sexua

Music triggers early sexual activity – study published: Sunday | March 2, 2008 Gareth Manning, Sunday Gleaner Reporter Tony Matterhorn thrilling the crowd at Passa Passa on Spanish Town Road in February 2004. A study found that reggae music is one of the influencing factors of early sexual behaviour in teens. – File Teenagers are identifying music, mainly of the dancehall genre, as a trigger for early sexual intercourse, according to a scientific study conducted by public policy analyst and doctoral candidate, Tazhmoye Crawford, at the University of the West Indies, Mona, last year.The study, which centred on contraceptive use among adolescents, revealed that a number of children aged nine to 17, identified popular music as the main influence for experimenting with sex. Music was identified as the fifth leading reason for having intercourse, with 10 per cent of boys indicating that it was the main reason, compared to three per cent of girls. But, the study's findings is generating a mix of arguments among artistes as well as academics.Behavioural scientist and music educator, Dr Marilyn Anderson says despite the fact that the music is being laid out as part of the culture, there is no doubt that hard-core dancehall lyrics and content has an impact on the brain. â€Å"Some rhythms, timbres and amplitudes of the music can affect emotional behaviour in humans, particularly the young,† she says. Sexual activity on buses She surmises there is a direct correlation, for example, between the loud, hard-core music played on some public transportation and the proliferation of sexual display and activity on these same buses.Lecturer and author, Dr Donna Hope says while there are legitimate linkage between the two, the influence of the music is not great when compared to other influences like peer pressure and early exposure to pornography. â€Å"The role of the music is quite negligible,† she explains, â€Å"except that it takes so much from w hat is around us in the society then it would speak about these scenes in ways that would suggest – along with all the things that are happening on the ground – that, yes, a man should have sex because the heterosexual practice is very important in defining who is a man†.Her thoughts are shared by Dylan Pow, organiser of the famed ‘Passa Passa' street dance that takes place on the west Kingston end of Spanish Town Road. He argues that dancehall music is merely a speck in the array of sexual messages promoted by the mass media and is, therefore, no more influential than Hip Hop or Soca. Pow adds that sexuality is only one component of the music which reflects a wide cross-section of the inner-city experience. â€Å"Sometimes is a slack man on top [of the music charts]; sometime is a bad man on top; sometimes is a comedic artiste on top,† he says.He reasons that while events like his does not shun children, despite the graphic overture of sexuality, it does not influence them any more than other aspects of global popular culture. â€Å"The kids are not patrons, they are not buying liquor, they not doing anything and if you go to any open event in Jamaica for the most part, you going to find children who should be in their bed sleeping,† he adds. Big impact on teenagers Popular cultural artiste Tony Rebel is not buying the argument that dancehall merely mirrors the experiences of inner-city folk. He says it equally impacts on those receiving the message, especially teenagers.He says while it is not the only medium of exposure and influence, it plays an important part in early sexualisation. â€Å"The music is the one that is teaching a lot of the youths how to have sex, the name of certain types of sex acts, how to do it. It is all descriptive and even prescriptive,† he argues. He adds that the music has reduced sex to a casual activity and fails to promote and educate youngsters about protecting themselves from sexu ally transmitted diseases during intercourse. Rebel notes too that more males are impacted by the sexual messages coming out of the dancehall because it is delivered from a masculine perspective

rap for freedom of speech essays

rap for freedom of speech essays If you were a songwriter and all your thoughts and efforts were put onto a piece of paper, would you want "big brother" to come and tell you that half of the subject matter is inappropriate and must be censored? Censorship can be defined as a banning of literature, music, and other forms of expression. This is a problem that many rap artists face these days. The three main objectives in this piece I will pursue is why we should allow artists to express themselves, why rap artists should have the freedom of speech, and why censoring destroys the art in rap. For these reasons I believe that rappers should have the freedom to express their views on their albums. For years "gangsta rappers" have sang about the racism, police harassment, poverty and desperation that exists in Americas inner most parts of our cities. From "old school" NWA to Bone Thugs n Harmony to newer artists such as DMX, the struggle and anger stays very thematic. Controversy has always played a role in rap because of its content. In one of the most famous cases of music censorship, police in Dade County, Florida set up a sting to arrest three retailers selling copies of a record by 2 Live Crew to children under the age of 18. Objections to 2 Live Crew started with the breakthrough of their hit "Me So Horny." No prosecutions resulted in standing convictions. Members of 2 Live Crew were also prosecuted for performing the material live in concert. Later that year, Florida grand jury determined that four rap albums (including "Freedom of Speech" by Ice-T) are legally obscene. Area retailers quickly pulled the records from the shelves to avoid prosecution. Following t he controversy surrounding Ice Cube's album Death Certificate, the state of Oregon made it illegal to display Ice Cube's image in any retail store. The ban even extended to ads for St. Ides Malt Liquor, which used Ice Cube as a spokesperson. As we c ...

Political Crisis in Venezuela Essay

Political Crisis in Venezuela Essay Political Crisis in Venezuela Essay Political Crisis in Venezuela EssayOne of the Most Pressing Problems of the Modern World – Political Crisis in VenezuelaPolitical crisis in Venezuela started back in 2013 after the previous president of the state Hugo Chavez died. Over these years, the country’s economy experienced a rapid downfall revealed in huge inflation and decreased level of income among the local residents. Over 90% of people living in Venezuela at that time complained about the inability to sustain a living in the country. The situation was aggravated considerably by the presidential elections of 2018, the results of which were not recognized as valid by many nations. Besides, it was during the previous year that the rule of opposition parliament came into force. Demonstrations and strikes in Caracas involving thousands of local residents reached their peak power in January of 2019 when a 35 year old member of the parliament Juan Guido proclaimed himself a new Venezuelan president.As a result, the change of Venezuelan rule was approved by a number of world’s nations, while in the Bolivian Republic itself, the protest movements involving both followers and opponents of the new political leadership continue to take place all over the nation. At the moment, it is assumed by many that the situation in Venezuela is not going to change or somehow influence the world’s economy. Such a statement was proclaimed by the secretary-general of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Angel Gurria during the World Economic Forum.What Happened Next?After Juan Guido declared his new status of a temporary ruler of the state and the United States recognized his statement as valid, the rightful president Nicolas Maduro called himself a constitutional ruler of the nation saying that the leader of opposition parliament is just a â€Å"puppet of the USA†. The status of Guido as a temporary state leader was also acknowledged by a range of other countries, such as Canada and several Latin American nations. Russia, on the other hand, made a statement in favor of Maduro as the rightful president of Venezuela. In this respect, The Financial Times drew the attention of the public to the position maintained by Russia as an opponent of other members of the world community.Some politicians express an opinion that the situation in Venezuela does not pose any threat to the wellbeing and safety of the rest of the world. Still others, such as The Wall Street Journal, call the recent events a real collision between the powers. Indeed, the USA admits that Juan Guido needs to be acknowledged as a new leader of the state, while the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Venezuela claims that Nicolas Maduro remains a rightful president of the country, which is backed up by the constitution of the state.Be that as it may, it is quite reasonable to say that the people of Venezuela should be given a chance to solve their troubles on their own in order not to make the things worse or shake the world’s peace. However, the future course of events in Venezuela is unpredictable even though certain assumptions can still be made. The majority of opinions expressed by different nations cannot be regarded as optimistic, but we’d rather say the hope is not lost.Boiling Point in Venezuelan Protest MovementObviously, Venezuela’s economic and political crisis of the modern days has recently reached the dangerous point when thousands of Venezuelan people keep holding their hands in favor of Juan Guido as a self-declared acting president of the state. The oppositional movement is aimed at breaking free from the socialist regime imposed by Nicolas Maduro. Such course of events has been unfolding for years and the political disaster was fuelled even further by the unbearable inflation, food shortage and absence of proper medical care among other national problems faced by the society over the recent years.All this eventually provoked the discontent among people and no one will argue that three million Venezuelan people who have fled the country over this period decided to do so not without a good reason. Many might now be confused asking themselves â€Å"So, who’s the president?† Evidently, the answer to this question depends on whose side you have taken in the on-going crisis that followed the dramatic events of January 2019.It comes as no surprise that the decision to stand against the acting president was a rather challenging step that Juan Guido dared taking, especially because only two weeks have passed since Nicolas Maduro was elected to another six-year term of presidency. It did not surprise anyone that Maduro disapproved his opponent’s actions and condemned him in being the marionette of the US saying that his rival’s move cannot diminish his status of a constitutional president.Why People Started the Riot?The key reason why people in Venezuela were eager to initiate a protest movement is the drastic economic downfall that the nation experienced throughout the presidency of previous socialist leaders. Many Venezuelans blame Maduro and his socialist supporters for guiding the country into decline, which produced a great impact on the nation’s wellbeing and prosperity. Many members of the opposition government had been imprisoned or had even fled the nation being afraid of possible imprisonment, while the opposition parties debated about the fairness of the events. In any case, Maduro’s re-election was not in any way approved by the country’s opposition parliament, so this is where the grounds for a protest movement originated and gave rise for the riots of Venezuelans.What Awaits the Nation Next?Hyperinflation is probably the biggest problem faced by Venezuela at the moment. Inflation rates are incredulous and too many residents cannot afford essential commodities like food or medicines. And the situation keeps getting worse. So, many people are now wondering what comes next for the nation.It would probably be right to suggest that Juan Guido and his supporters will keep maintaining their positions to protest against the current state of affairs and oppose the government of Maduro up until Venezuela is completely liberated. However, the truth is that Guido does not have too much power in practice, but the nation is likely to follow its course of action in the future regardless of any circumstances. It only leaves us pondering whether it will be for the better or for the worse.

Ghana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ghana - Essay Example The Mali realm rose back in the mid 1300. Moreover, it emerged from the greater Ghana Empire. However, due to external disputes and internal conflicts within the Ghana Empire and the eventual crumple of the Ghanaian Kingdom, the Mali Kingdom emerged with Sundiata being their leader (Conrad 13). This clearly depicts how Ghanaian began its superiority over the Malian realm. In fact, some historians deem Ghana to be the greatest kingdom in the early part of the 1300. Besides, civilization started in Ghana earlier than in Mali. In fact, civilization in Ghana began even before the arrival of the Europeans into Africa. Moreover, Ghana had started trading early, where they operated with other communities. Their trade items included gold, cloth and copper among others. Moreover, the regime imposed tax to the goldmines in the region (Conrad 14). Mali was still under Ghana Empire, and did little in terms of trade. As a result, the economic capacity of Ghana was far much better as compared to that of Mali, their counterparts. In the political aspect, Ghana had a well-organized system, with the Soninke people reigning over the Berbers. Moreover, the empire had captured a vast area and made it its kingdom. Mali was still under the Ghanaian Empire. The Ghanaian trade in gold had made the empire extremely powerful. Besides, the use of iron aided Ghana in creating weaponry for its territorial army. Furthermore, it was not until the Senegalese Almoravids intervention that capacitated the Malians to take over Ghana Kingdom (Conrad 14). In addition, the Ghana Empire was extensively rich. This mainly resulted from the expansive gold trade within the region. This distinct trade in gold made Ghana change it earlier name (Wagadugu) to its present Ghana (meaning gold land). This gave Ghana an advantage over its former territory, Mali (Conrad 16). However, the ancient Ghana is different from the contemporary Ghana. Besides, the Ghana kings controlled the gold trade

Canada's Immigration Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Canada's Immigration Policy - Essay Example There is also apparent shift in the profile of immigrant source countries in the past several years. Added to this is the fact that more and more people are moving from one place to another worldwide and the perceptible competition in the international economy to attract skilled workers. Movement of people across continents has been a global trend during the advent of long distance travel. Reasons behind this phenomenon are various. These include escaping political, economic, environmental persecution and problems. For some families, the more pressing reasons can be search for better opportunities and safer, more secure living conditions. Given the availability of manpower resources in the different parts of the world and the surplus of families applying immigrant status in Canada, the problem of sustaining the country's economy seems to be solved. However, the process of immigration is not as simple. There must be appropriate and efficient governmental and provincial policies to facilitate this process. This is the function of the Citizenship and Immigration Canada: to draft a structural framework and policies for handling immigration issues of the country. This paper aims to assess these immigration policies and their i... Section 7 (2) of Canada's Immigration Act of 1978 provides an estimate of the total number of immigrants, refugees and other non-immigrants status who will be given permission to settle in Canada. The responsibility of selecting immigrants and refugees and their number for every province, except for Quebec which has the only selection powers, lies on this annual immigration plan (CIC "Laws and Policies"). The proposed Immigration and Refugee Protection Act called Bill C-11 will provide the Citizenship and Immigration Canada the needed implements to ensure public safety and security in relation to the admission of immigrants in the country. This can be achieved by setting new admission criteria and delegating authority to arrest law-breakers and security threats (CIC "The Immigration System"). The other side of the above provisions is the important delivery of the following commitments of facilitating entry to legitimate immigrants and refugees. First is the change of selection priority using the assessment of skills and experience of workers over their current occupations. Second is the focus on reunification of families and protection of refugees. Third is the improved Temporary Foreign Worker Program for the simplification and efficiency of processing of skilled workers and permission of spouses to work. Last is efficient transition of qualified temporary workers from temporary to permanent residents (CIC "Laws and Policies"). The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act of Canada or IRPA was established in 2001. The act has a provision for a consultation between the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and the provincial governments regarding refugee protection policies and programs to include the determination of the number of foreign nationals