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Analysis Of Bell Hooks And Frantz Fanon - 1401 Words

Both philosophers, bell hooks and Frantz Fanon, address the problem of equality. In Feminism is for Everybody, hooks defines feminism as a movement to end sexism, sexist exploitation, and oppression. Hooks begins by stating feminism is for everybody (2000) and that it is an attempt to end sexism though reform feminism. In â€Å"Racism and Culture,† Fanon investigates whether ending racism is due to cultural relativity. In the book by Gloria Anzaldua Borderlands/La Frontera, she describes the personal struggles she faced through her insecurities relative to the society that exists today. In agreement, Fanon believes racism can be eliminated once the idea of superiority is rejected amongst people. This paper investigates both views of the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Reformist feminism became their route to class mobility†¦ while sexism did not end, they could maximize their freedom within the existing system† (Hooks, 5). It is seen through reform feminists th at women are trying take the role of men in terms of hierarchy by trying to move up in terms of class. For example, working in the Federal Bureau of Investigation is portrayed such that women are secretaries and men are the ones leading investigations out in the field especially on television. Broadcasting this ideology is partially to blame for the existence of sexism. Consequently, reform feminism is subjected towards gender equality seen as a classification. Fanon believes that there are three stages to racism and culture. One of these stages include people having no culture through the justification of slavery. â€Å"Racism, as we have seen, is only one element of a vaster whole: that of the systematized oppression of a people† (Fanon, 3). Slavery is a form of ownership where a person known as a slave is controlled and forced to work. This is a historical example of the oppressed that are taken advantage of and used due to the fact that they are labeled as property. Racism is something that can be eliminated once the notion that superiority exists amongst people is rejected. There are many similarities between Hooks and Fanon in terms of eliminating sexism and oppression in its entirety. Hooks and Fanon both agree that

Report on the European Bond Market †March 2010 to August 2011 Free Essays

string(110) " and difficult for institutions such as the European Central Bank and IMF to prevent the contagion spreading\." ABSTRACT This report evaluates the European bond market’s performance over the last 18 months, and explains some of the underlying causes and events that have affected it, including the perception of risk related to sovereign debt levels in the Eurozone. The report goes on to discuss the outlook for the bond market over the next 12 months, and possible mechanisms that may be used to bring debt to more sustainable levels not only for the benefit of struggling economies, but also for the future of the Eurozone and global economy as a whole. Introduction A bond is a fixed income security, issued by Governments and corporations to raise long term capital. We will write a custom essay sample on Report on the European Bond Market – March 2010 to August 2011 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Governments sell bonds to finance the shortfall between their spending and revenue. Investors are interested in bond returns, which are determined by the initial bond price, coupon value and the maturity date (Buckle and Thomas, 2009). Although there is no formal single European bond market, bonds by countries in the Eurozone are viewed as a single market, as these economies share a single European currency (excluding the UK), and are heavily exposed to each others’ economies. As the majority of bonds are held by Governments, global banks and institutional investors, even perceived risk of one Government defaulting on bonds can have severe consequences for the European and global economy. European Bond Market Performance Bond markets increased in importance post 2008 as investors shifted exposure from equity to debt instruments, and from private to public sector securities (Forster et al. 2011), in a flight to safety. The European bond market has experienced volatility over the last 18 months, due to a number of concerns regarding sovereign debt and growth prospects of European and global economies, leading to a decline in investor confidence. Greece’s default risk (see Appendix 1.3) resulted in sharp increases in yields (Appendix 1.4) on Government bonds. This also resulted in bond yields of other European countries including Ireland, Portugal and Spain to rise due to fears of contagion (Bank of England, 2010a). In Greece’s case, already high sovereign debt levels meant that higher yields made servicing debts more expensive. Due to this and to stop contagion spreading, in May 2010 the European Union (EU) and International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed a bailout package for Greece of 110bn Euros, to provide certainty to the market and prevent Greece defaulting on its debt. Chart A plots the spread of ten-year Government bond yields for European countries (benchmark – German Bonds/Bunds). Greece’s bond yields began to rise sharply from late 2009, peaking in May 2010 as the bailout package was announced. For risk neutral investors, higher yields meant increased returns, however this had to be balanced against the risk of default by the issuer. Irish, Portuguese and Spanish bond yields also increased with their spreads diverging away from other European countries. Concerns now started to build for these countries as the Euro continued to fall, decreasing Europe’s buying power in the global economy. From June 2010, bond yields began to fall as economies experienced a redistribution of capital into safe assets, causing economies to struggle to attract investors to finance spending. In November, the EU and IMF were forced to agree a bailout package for the Republic of Ireland of 85bn Euros, due to the re-emergence of sovereign and banking system concerns. Bond yields hit historically low levels (Bank of England, 2010b), as sovereign debt crises triggered a search for safe assets (Chart B). However, it was also deemed that such extended periods of low bond yields could trigger a search for yield in riskier assets, resulting in overheating in emerging markets. Then between March and May 2011, Greece, Ireland, and Portugal experienced sharp rises in yield spreads due to uncertainty about how they will resolve their economic challenges (Chart C). In May 2011, the EU and IMF were forced to bailout Portugal, as it struggled to finance its sovereign debt. In August 2011, the European Central Bank indicated that it will buy Spanish and Italian Government bonds, in a bid to bring down those countries’ borrowing costs, and prevent concerns growing of a Europe-wide sovereign debt crisis. Future of the European Bond Market Over the next 12 months, movements in the global economy, including the downgrade of the US bond market from its AAA rating may slow growth and return the country, and global economy, into recession. This will have a significant impact as investor confidence falls and global growth expectations are downgraded. In terms of debt sustainability, there will be further efforts by EU Governments to implement more severe austerity measures, in a bid to bring sovereign debt to manageable levels. However, as we have seen over the past 18 months, this has come at a cost to growth. Without growth, it is evident that countries cannot afford to service their current debt levels, let alone reduce them. In the EU, this leaves Governments with a lack of fiscal policy levers to manage the economy. Apart from the UK which has not joined the Euro, other Eurozone countries are unable to use mechanisms such as currency devaluation in an attempt to control economic fluctuations. In addition, as the budgets of larger European countries come under scrutiny, if fears of default or a downgrade of their debt arise, the fallout will be massive. For these economies, a bailout may prove impossible, causing the disintegration of the Euro and Eurozone. Conclusion The European bond market has experienced volatility over the last 18 months, due to fears of default by European economies such as Greece, Ireland and Portugal, and deteriorating economic conditions globally. The pursuance of austerity plans have meant that growth has stunted and with the recent downgrade of US debt, fears of a double dip recession have returned. The financial crisis that began in 2008 has now evolved into a sovereign debt crisis in 2011, making it difficult for countries to service their debt, and difficult for institutions such as the European Central Bank and IMF to prevent the contagion spreading. You read "Report on the European Bond Market – March 2010 to August 2011" in category "Essay examples" Although the new Basel regulations have supported banking systems by ensuring Banks are retaining profits to improve their capital to lending ratios, their level of exposure to sovereign debt means that default by any advanced economy may trigger another, deeper, financial crisis, as Governments will not have the funds to bail Banks out. However, there are some mechanisms that are being explored to return normality to the bond markets. Short selling is currently banned, reducing volatility in the equity and bond markets. In addition, other solutions are being explored such as the automatic extension of bond maturities, allowing Governments more time to pay back lenders, and the potential for a common Euro area bond. This would potentially bring down the cost of borrowing for Greece and other troubled countries, however may increase costs for countries with healthy balance sheets such as Germany, meaning this proposal has faced substantial opposition. Finally, there is renewed debate that credit ratings agencies such as Moody’s, Fitch and Standard Poor’s cause volatility in markets by prematurely downgrading Government and corporate debt, and subsequently causing weak investor confidence and market jitters that affect all economies. Their role in the financial crisis of 2008 and the current sovereign crisis is coming under intense scrutiny and we may see Governments coming together to reign in their power, reducing volatility in both bond and equity markets. APPENDIX 1.1Bond Definition A bond is a fixed income security, or debt instrument, issued globally by Governments and corporations to raise long term capital. Governments sell bonds to finance the shortfall between government spending and government revenue. In the UK, this is referred to as the Public Sector Net Cash Requirement. Bonds represent a promise by the issuer (borrower) to pay the holder (lender) a fixed single payment or stream of payments, called coupons, at specified dates over the term of the bond. Once the bond matures, the issuer must return to the holder the par value of the security plus any outstanding payments. Importantly, bond returns are determined by the initial bond price, coupon value (dependant on percentage of yield) and the maturity date (CFA UK, 2009). 1.2Bond Calculation The Present Value of a bond can be calculated using the following basic formula: C = coupon payment n = number of payments i = interest rate, or required yield M = value at maturity, or par value 1.3The Beginnings of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis Bond markets have increased in importance following the global financial crisis in 2008. Investors shifted exposure from equity to debt instruments, and from private to public sector securities (Forster et al. 2011), in a flight to safety. However at this time, government borrowing also rose substantially, partly due to the banking crisis, but also to provide a stimulus to ailing economies. In 2009, the EU ordered France, Spain, Ireland and Greece to implement austerity measures to reduce their burgeoning budget deficits. Following this, in December 2009, Greece admitted that its debt had reached 300bn Euros, equivalent to 113% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Ratings agencies swiftly downgraded Greece’s credit rating due to fears that it may not be able to repay its lenders on the bond market. This led to concerns about the debt sustainability of other European countries such as Portugal, Ireland and Spain, and fears of contagion, where other countries’ national banks were exposed to Greece’s default risk. If Greece did default on its debt, this would have severe consequences for other European economies and the European single currency, and this led to bailouts for Greece and other economies. 1.4Explanation of Yield The yield determines the value of the coupon payment that the issuer must pay to the lender on the bond. An increased yield can indicate that there is a greater risk associated with holding that bond for the lender, and therefore the lender requires a greater return. 1.5Growing Sovereign Debt Levels as a Proportion of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) As bond markets finance Government debt, and this debt can only be serviced by economic growth in the domestic economy, it is important to consider the growing levels of Eurozone debt as a backdrop to the volatility in the bond markets. Table A shows the consolidated gross debt of European countries since 2004 as a percentage of GDP (Source: Eurostat). GEO/TIME2010200920082007200620052004 Belgium96.896.289.684.288.192.194.2 Germany83.273.566.364.967.668.065.8 Estonia6.67.24.63.74.44.65.0 Ireland96.265.644.425.024.827.429.7 Greece142.8127.1110.7105.4106.1100.098.6 Spain60.153.339.836.139.643.046.2 France81.778.367.763.963.766.464.9 Italy119.0116.1106.3103.6106.6105.9103.9 Cyprus60.858.048.358.364.669.170.2 Luxembourg18.414.613.66.76.76.16.3 Malta68.067.661.562.063.469.972.2 Netherlands62.760.858.245.347.451.852.4 Austria72.369.663.860.762.163.964.8 Portugal93.083.071.668.363.962.857.6 Slovenia38.035.221.923.126.727.027.2 Slovakia41.035.427.829.630.534.241.5 Finland48.443.834.135.239.741.744.4 United Kingdom80.069.654.444.543.442.540.9 REFERENCE LIST BANK OF ENGLAND (2010a) Financial Stability Report, Issue no 27 (June). London. BANK OF ENGLAND (2010b) Financial Stability Report, Issue no 28 (December). London. BANK OF ENGLAND (2011) Financial Stability Report, Issue no 29 (June). London. BUCKLE, M. and THOMAS, S. (2009) Official Training Manual, Volume 2: Investment Practice, 7th ed. London: CFA Society of the UK. FORSTER, K. et al (2011) European Cross-Border Financial Flows and the Global Financial Crisis. Occasional Paper Series, European Central Bank, No 126 (July). BIBLIOGRAPHY BANK OF ENGLAND (2010) Financial Stability Report, Issue no 27 (June). London. BANK OF ENGLAND (2010) Financial Stability Report, Issue no 28 (December). London. BANK OF ENGLAND (2011) Financial Stability Report, Issue no 29 (June). London. BBC NEWS (2010) Greece Crisis: Fears Grow that it could Spread. www.news.bbc.co.uk, 28th April. BUCKLE, M. and THOMAS, S. (2009) Official Training Manual, Volume 1: UK Regulations Markets, 7th ed. London: CFA Society of the UK. BUCKLE, M. and THOMAS, S. (2009) Official Training Manual, Volume 2: Investment Practice, 7th ed. London: CFA Society of the UK. DE GRAUWE, P. and MOESEN, W. (2009) Gains for All: A Proposal for a Common Euro Bond. Intereconomics (May / June), pp 132-135. EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (2011) Financial Integration in Europe (May) Germany. EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK (2011) Financial Stability Review (June) Germany. EWING, J and HEALY, J (2010) Cuts to Debt Rating Stir Anxiety in Europe. The New York Times, 27th April. FORSTER, K. et al (2011) European Cross-Border Financial Flows and the Global Financial Crisis. Occasional Paper Series, European Central Bank, No 126 (July). NASH, M. (2011) Debt Report: Sovereign Issuers Dominate the Debt Agenda. FTSE Global Markets, Issue 53, pp 32-34 (July / August). ZANDSTRA, D. (2011) The European Sovereign Debt Crisis and its Evolving Resolution, Capital Markets Law Journal, Volume 6, No. 3, pp 285-316 (May). How to cite Report on the European Bond Market – March 2010 to August 2011, Essay examples

Communication and Feedback in Organizationsâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is the Role of Communication and Feedback in Organizations? Answer: Introduction Communication and Feedback required for successful management. To survive in the operating market, it is important for every organization to manage its business effectively. Management of the organization has become a concept of focus in the management literature. By effective management, organizations are also able to implement effective change in the business operations whenever it is required. But, there are many researchers who have found that there are organizational programs do not reach to the results due to the lack of effective communication and feedback process in the organization. Poorly managed communication in the organization is the cause of rumors and resistance among the employees (Robbins, 2003). So, communication and feedback can be considered to be the important part of the organization for managing the organization effectively. This essay demonstrates the role and importance of the communication and feedback in the business for managing the organization effectively. The studies revealed that the communication has positive cor relation with the many positive organizational results such as organizational performance, commitment, job satisfaction and the organizational citizenship behavior. Failure in the communication can be the cause of various functionless results i.e. low trust, stress, job dissatisfaction, absence, severance intension, and decrease in the organizational commitment (Tripathi Reddy, 2012). Organizational communication Now, effective and meaningful communication provides information to the employees at the levels of their job roles and motivates them to adopt the innovative business strategies. It is important that there should be the positive attitude among the employees towards managing the organization. Meaningful communication needs the cognitive organizational reorientation to manage the organizational strategies. According to Mckinney Smith (2004), communication is an important part which impacts the performance of the team in the organization. The organization which understands the importance of the communication is able to manage the daily operations of the business (Pauley, 2010). The communication process in the organization coordinate the factors of the production and human elements for the effective network change. There is the need of effective communication every organization with the new technology that would increase organizational performance (Key ton, 2011). The communication pro cess includes seven steps in the organization i.e. message, encoding, transmitting, receiving, decoding understanding and feedback. Communication in the organization is not a simple task. The communication process within an organization is described below in the figure. Figure 1: Communication Process (Source: Pauley, 2010) Communication in the organization- Based on the research done by Banihashemi (2011), the various channels of the communication are the most effective way to build the relationship with the employees in the organization. So, communication is the basic part for developing the structure of the organization. Communication is the key factor in the organization to maintain the coordination in the various activities at different level in the organization. Now, the communication in the organization can be upward, downward and horizontal. The process of communication is important for the organization to manage the basic functions of the business i.e. organizing, planning, controlling and leading. Communication is also helpful in managing the responsibilities by the managers (Rajhans, 2012). The role of the communication in the business is described below: Communication serves as the motivation by providing information and clarifying the employees about the job roles and the ways to perform the job. Communication process is important to improve the performance of the employees within the organization. Further, communication is basically spreads the information among the organizational members. Communication is also important for the successful decision making process as it is helpful in identifying the alternative course of actions. Communication is helpful in controlling process within the organization. In the organization, there are many levels of hierarchy and various guidelines and principles that should be followed by the employees. Employees should fulfill the organizational policies to perform the tasks effectively. They must communicate the work problems and accusation with the senior management. Thus, communication is helpful in managing the various functions of management (Goris, 2007). Example There are many top companies which are using effective communication process to manage their business process. The famous company Ford uses a number of communication tools to connect people with the business. In the business operations of Ford, communication is most challenging but visual tool. Ford uses bulletins, tools and exclusive newspaper and newsletters. There is the internal newsletter of the company @Ford which is translated in various languages. The communication tool makes sure that the provided messages always stay in peoples mind (Tanwar, 2015). Feedback and its role There are many people in the organization who suffer from the lack of performance feedback. Feedback is the most powerful and most under used management tool which are used by the organization to motivate the employees. Feedback is helpful in bringing the people on track in their job roles. It has effective skills to satisfy the employees and improve their productivity in the organization. By getting positive feedbacks, employees in the organization feel involved and identified. Basically, feedback takes place when an environment reacts on some behavior or action. For instance, it can be related to customers feedback for the companys product, policy or service or it can be employees performance feedback given by the manager for the performance of the employees. Feedback can be both positive and negative. To make important decision in the business operations, feedback can be the valuable information. Top performing companies are able to get higher position in the market because they a re continuously seeking for the ways to make their better to best. The main focus of these companies by the feedback are on the various parts i.e. employees, clients, suppliers, customers, stakeholders and vendors. Effective feedback are beneficial for everyone i.e. for the receiver, giver, and for the organization. There are some reasons which prove that feedback is very important in organization (D'hoedt Bouckaert, 2011). Feedback can take place all the time i.e. at the time of employee survey, training evaluation, and performance appraisal. At every time, a person can say to the person, customer, employee, vendor etc. Basically, people communicate feedback in the organization. Feedback has the ability to motivate the employees to perform better in the job role. By getting feedback on the performance, they feel appreciated and valued within the organization. The feedback from the suppliers, clients, customers, stakeholders and vendors, employees can be motivated to build up better working relations in the society. Further, feedback can be effective tool in improving and managing the organizational activities and operations. Continuous feedback is crucial for the entire organization for creating strategies; developing products, stay connected with the goals, improving relationship, improving services and much more. Sometimes, feedback is considered as the criticism and negative criticism is not good for organization. But the best and positive feedback can be helpful in formulating and taking better decisions to increase and improve the performance of the organization. Now, there are many researchers who have stated that the feedback is the important part of the communication. It is the link or component in the communication cycle as it indicates the successful spread of the message. So, effective feedback is interactive, active and able to improve the performance of organization. Feedback can be time consuming, difficult and repetitious when the performance of the organization and its employees is poor. Feedback has the most positive impact in the organization. To maintain the good working relationship between the organization and staff, Feedback is important. The importance of building relationship is based on the trust, collaboration and mutual respect. There is the process in obtaining useful feedback in the organization. Figure 2: Feedback process (Source: Torokoff Mets, 2005) There are three steps in the feedback process i.e. organization of observation and feedback, content and delivery feedback and use of feedback in learning process. So, it is clear that the various feedbacks are very helpful in improving the performance of the organization and managing the organizational activities (Torokoff Mets, 2005). Example Feedback process is used by the company PepsiCo which is the second largest food and Beverage Company. The company is using 360 feedback programs to maintain its leadership population in the global market. To improve leadership, the company has adopted four programs i.e. 360 processes, an employee survey, upward feedback process and a personality instrument. These four processes are important to work together in the company. Conclusion This essay describes the importance of feedback and communication in managing the organization effectively. From the above discussion, it is observed that communication and feedback can be considered to be the important part of the organization for managing the organization effectively. Communication is an important tool part of the organizational activities as there should be the positive attitude among the employees towards managing the organization. There is the need of effective communication every organization with the new technology that would increase organizational performance. The process of communication is important for the organization to manage the various activities of the organizations to improve the reputation in organization. Now, in terms of feedback, it is observed that feedback is helpful to guiding the people so that they can do the best in their job roles by motivating and energizing them. To make important decision in the business operations, feedback can be th e valuable information. Thus, it can be said that feedback and the communication process is important to manage the organization as they motivate the people of the organizations to perform bets in their job role. References D'hoedt, B., Bouckaert, G., (2011), Performance auditing Een inleiding, Leuven: KU Leuven Goris, J. R., (2007), Effects of satisfaction with communication on the relationship between individual job congruence and job performance/satisfaction: Journal of Management Development, 26(8), 737752 Key ton, J., (2011), Communication and organizational culture: A key to understanding work experience, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Pauley, J. A., (2010), Communication: The key to effective leadership, Milwaukee, WI: ASQ Quality Press Rajhans, K., (2012), Effective Organizational Communication: a Key to Employee Motivation and Performance: Inter-science Management Review, 2 (2), 81-85 Robbins, S. P., (2003), Organizational Behavior, (10th), New Jersy: Prentice Hall Tanwar, S., (2015), How effective communication can take companies to great heights, accessed on 8th May 2017 from https://www.rediff.com/money/report/how-effective-communication-can-take-companies-to-great-heights/20151123.htm Torokoff, M., Mets, T., (2005), The Learning Organisation and Learning in the Organisation: The Concept for Improving the Labour Quality in a School: Management of Organisation: Systematic Research, 35, pp 203-216 Tripathi, P. C., Reddy, P. N., (2012), Principles of Management, New Delhi: The McGram-Hill Company

Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act Research Paper Example

Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act Paper The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is a program enacted by the Bush administration to answer necessities of implementing bipartisan solutions to fortify the foundation of the educational system in the United States. Concepts framing the NCLB involve granting accountability to the federal, state, and local governments as well as educational institutions regarding academic performance of students, implementing programs and utilizing facilities and resources that highly contribute to learning, providing funds to the grassroots level of educational administration, and empowering parents to become involved in their children’s education. (Bush, 2008) The government is expecting that the NCLB will result to improved educational quality and standards by providing comprehensive educational programs and opportunities to disadvantaged children, focusing on improving the field of teaching, incorporating programs that promote fluency in the English language. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Health Curriculum and No Child Left Behind Act specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Informing parents of educational plans and choices suited for their children, structuring educational institutions to uphold safety and wellbeing of children, increased funding for granting educational aids and other forms of assistance to underprivileged, and granting accountability to stakeholders. (Bush, 2008) The NCLB is a major contributing factor in improving the current status of education in the country. For instance, health concerns perceived by educational institutions led to the development of curricula that are framed within the context of children’s health interests. Other concerns drafted under the framework of health curricula include self-management in terms of looking out for one’s health and wellbeing, promotion of healthy choices, and teaching a variety of concepts in health education. (Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 1999) All these are directed towards establishing a healthy society for enhanced living and productivity. So how can these objectives be achieved, or how can educational institutions adapt the NCLB in order to enhance the teaching of a health curriculum to students? The answer lies in synthesizing concepts of the NCLB to health curricula to formulate content adhering to health education and promotion, while at the same time considering the needs of children in terms of health services in order to maximize learning opportunities. Initially, the NCLB may be applied in constructing a health curriculum. A health curriculum is sensitive of health issues such as literacy, promotion, and application of values and practices pertaining to health and well being. NCLB in the initial stages of drafting a health curriculum is able to materialize itself by considering physical, mental, and emotional aspects of student development. The objective of NCLB is to ensure that no one gets left behind in terms of education – meaning, that all students are able to acquire necessary education within their levels. With this in mind, initial considerations should include the background of the students. To fully realize the concept of NCLB under the context of health curriculum, the curriculum itself should be designed such that the students will be able to accomplish learning objectives under it. The health curriculum should be designed such that it is sensitive to the learning needs and individual differences of the students. In addressing this primary concern, programs and activities under the health curriculum will ensure that all students will be able to grasp specific concepts within their own learning skills and capabilities as learners. Generally, the preparedness of students is being identified in all three aspects – the physical, emotional, and mental learning needs.   Considering physical needs involve asking questions such as, â€Å"are students prepared to carry out physical activities demanded by the health curriculum?† This includes monitoring physical skills and abilities in order to structure attainable and realistic kinesthetic health activities. Emotional needs include the learners’ capacity to accept and give value to health concepts as they are revealed to them. One very sensitive issue when it comes to health literacy is the concept of puberty and gender differences. In this case, teachers should gauge whether learners are ready to confront these personal and perceptive issues during the learning process. Learning needs pertaining to mental capacity involves questioning the ability of students to comprehend health concepts. Teachers should ask themselves whether students are already able to give meaning and interpret health concepts as they are. (Lewallan, 2004) Aside from considering these learning needs, teachers should also address individual differences. The rate of growth and development for each learner differs. There are fast learners and late bloomers. Some learners might be skilled in physical activities but weak in mental exercises. To address these concerns, application of the NCLB in a health curriculum is needed in order to formulate a flexible curriculum that appropriate to the learning styles and individual differences of the learners. To prove contrast, if a health curriculum is strictly standardized, aiming at a singular learning objective through same levels of learning activities and programs, say for instance practical health examinations, only those skilled physically will be able to experience success and accomplish learning objectives. How about students who are not skilled in physical examinations but exhibit excellence in mental activities? Health curricula drafted under the NCLB should be flexible to individual differences, varying learning styles, and learning needs. (Lewallan, 2004) Works Cited Bush, G. W. (2008). â€Å"Foreword by President George W. Bush.† Retrieved from The White House. 09 Sep 2008. http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/reports/no-child-left-behind.html Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (1999). â€Å"Massachusetts Comprehensive Health Curriculum Framework – October 1999.† Retrieved September 9, 2008, from Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. Website: http://www.doe.mass.edu/frameworks/health/1999/core.html

Dehumanization essays

Dehumanization essays Dehumanization of Slaves And What It Is To Be Human By stripping slaves of their human qualities, slave owners dehumanized their slaves. Being a human means to have emotions and to have control on how you feel and what you feel about it. The ability to make decisions on our own is also an important trait humans have. Frederick Douglass was a slave in the 1800s and achieved freedom to which he is able to explain what slaves went through and how they were treated. Slaves were forced to work for white men on plantations, and were given little or no food, clothes, and/or shelter to live in. These slaves also never had the chance to learn to read, write, or anything to that degree. Inside, humans possess the power to feel or to have emotions. Certain things in life strike emotions and cause sadness, anger, or any other feelings a human may have. Another quality humans possess is to sense the feelings in others. In this book, The Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick witnesses his aunt being strung up half naked by her hands and whipped senseless by her master. The only feeling is fear that this woman may have. Animals are psychologically trained by being punished for doing something wrong in much the same way the slaves were trained. This kind of treatment made slaves emotionless about life in general. ....the early separation of us from our mother had well nigh blotted the fact of our relationship from our memories( Douglass, 5). This quote shows the emotions that Frederick had for his own flesh and blood and how it didnt mean very much to him when his mother passed away. While slaves didnt have the chance to have human feeleings, anything they did was for someone else. Slave owners controled the entire lives of slaves woring on plantaions. The clothing, food, and any other possesions slaves ahd were given to them by their owners. The ow...

Narrative about family during a holiday gathering Assignment

Narrative about family during a holiday gathering - Assignment Example However, his abilities, experience and luck are the factors which help in his life. It took a few months when he got a suitable job for himself and showed his satisfaction with the environment and rules. The distress and depression that he has faced in the past few months needed to be relieved. Once again, a family gathering was organized to celebrate his success and I took the responsibility of all the arrangements. Since it is not a party arranged for a young teenager, it took me a while to think of the setups needed. He is no more a high school kid but is the manager of a multinational business with his sons getting education from the best universities in the state. I was much worried of keeping in view their living standards and prepare things higher than their expectations. Mary took the responsibility of making his favorite chocolate cookies topped with honey and peanuts, Kate decorated the wide lawn of our house with flowers and sophisticated decoration material and I made calls to all the family members for the party. The air was filled with the fragrance of flowers and the lights are giving a pleasant view of the beautifully decorated place. The family members sitting on the chairs gossiping about their life affairs were having a pleasant time together. Children playing, running, talking and giggling around the chairs, rooms and people. Mother Mary asked me â€Å"Is jack busy grabbing some surprise for us?† Obviously he was on time and always opted for the unusual surprises on such occasions. The picnic arranged for him after his high school was memorable especially for the gifts he brought for all of our family members and the guitar he brought for me specially. â€Å"What would the surprise be?† Mary asked again out of curiosity bringing me back to the real world. I smiled and hugged her for the impatience she showed and asked her to wait a

Select writter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Select writter - Assignment Example This paper is narrowing the hospitality industry to discuss the hotel industry alone (hostels, hotels and resorts). In addition, this paper will discuss whether the hotel industry is perfectly competitive or not. The hotel industry is very competitive with lots of giant hotel companies in the market (Enz, 65). These hotels and resorts have huge finances thus give each other high and on toes competition. Huge finances ensures the hotels offer the best packages, best food variety and standards, best facilities with additionalinfrastructures like gyms, spas, Jacuzzi, internet, cableTV, Wi-Fi , salons and barber shops and many more . This industry no few firms can claim dominance because they are each giants in their own ways.Althoughin 2014, a list of the best hotels in the world included a few like the Hilton hotels, Fairmonthotels, the Four Season hotels, intercontinental hotels and the Grand Regency. A typical hotel business includes a building with a part set for the restaurant where clients can eat and drink. It may also contain a small side bar where smokers and alcoholic drinks are served where only adults are allowed entry. A typical hotel can also have rooms where clients can book to spend the nights. Other facilities like a telephone booth and ATM machines can be included. The management includes a manager, supervisors, waiters, cooks and cleaners(Barrows, Clayton & Thomas, 109). Also a person handling finances may be included. The hotel market is open to all thus serves a large number of consumer. In fact hotels are the most used services after transport and fashion because people have to eat daily and event take place daily. This is because due to the harsh competition every hotel has to package its services at a cost friendly price in order of the target market. This means everybody has his or her standard where they can find cost and quality attractive at the same time. According toHarris et al, hotels make an average of 4410 pounds

Hurricanes and flood zones crimes related in my area Essay

Hurricanes and flood zones crimes related in my area - Essay Example Additionally, these scholars argued that hot and cold seasons affect individuals directly making them unable to control their inhibitions and are subjects of aggressive behaviors. According to research conducted a few decades ago, crime property is more likely to happen during the cold season. Recently, there are questions about crime and weather, climate and crime and crime and season and how they influence criminal behaviors. There are some traditional beliefs that associate weather and human behavior based on wraithlike causes; this ranges from the weather gods to the location of the heavenly bodies. Other people assume that climatic conditions of a particular area influence the population of those living in that area. For instance, the southern climates of United States are hot are therefore produced hot-blooded people while the northern part is cold and, therefore, produces people who are cold-blooded. Early 1800s, criminologists argued that climate influence the biology of a person, which could result in a population of a particular climate to have higher rates of crimes. Many scientists have criticized most of the assumptions that relate crimes and weather. However, some current theories of crime provide some reasonable arguments why climate is said to influence cr iminal behaviors (Siegel, 2008). This paper discusses the levels of crime during the normal weather conditions and extreme weather conditions. Also, the paper seeks to describe the hazards in relation what it might do to the community and the severity of the effect. Further, the paper will outline some actions that could be taken to mitigate or prevent impacts of crimes in a community that is dealing weather related events. Studies show that in Chicago higher temperatures and extreme rainfall results increased cases of conflict. Some documentaries indicate that hurricanes and floods in Chicago have increased violent crimes in the

The Environmental Effect of the Meat Industry

The Environmental Effect of the Meat Industry One of the fastest growing industries in the world today is the meat/livestock industry. Meat is considered a normal good, which means that demand for meat increases as consumer income increases. Traditionally, meat has been regarded as an expensive food item in Western countries. As world population is increasing and as economies of the developing countries are getting stronger, demand for meat is also growing (Vinnari, 2008). Meat industry is one of those sectors that are one of the biggest contributors of global gas emissions and have big environmental and social impacts. The use of land, energy, water, and various emissions and wastes are all widely recognized by people and governments (Vinnari, 2008). According to a report by the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization, also known as the FAO, meat production is accountable for about a fifth of all greenhouse gas emissions. It is widely accepted in the scientific world that greenhouse gases like carbon and methane are c ausing rapid global climate change, environmental degradation and biodiversity loss. Yet, the meat industry business seems to be unperturbed by the state of the environment, inhumane treatment of animals, or the unhygienic conditions in which they are kept which leads to spread of diseases like bird flu in humans. Over the years, meat industry has adopted practices that are unethical. For example in many countries, primarily in the United States, most of the cattle are grain fed as opposed to grass fed. This is so that the cattle can grow bigger and fatter, faster. While it may very well be profitable for the industry, it is unethical in the sense that it is inhumane. There are also social implications as a large amount of grain is fed to the cattle when there are people dying from hunger all over the world. Unhygienic conditions of the feedlots question business practices of the industry. As a food industry, it owes a duty of care to its customers and has a responsibility of provid ing quality food that is free of bacteria or virus which can be very harmful to the human health. According to the FAO report, meat consumption is estimated to more than double by the year 2050 (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). With depleting natural resources, such as water and land cover, it will become harder to meet the demands of the growing human population. In such a scenario, the industry will most likely adopt practices that are even more unethical than the existing ones. It is therefore, not only important for businesses to take on sustainable meat production practices but also imperative for us, the consumer, to study our meat consumption habits and make certain changes in our lifestyle. Since we utilize resources from this planet, our natural environment is our responsibility. Educating ourselves and changing our meat consumption patterns will definitely slow down and to some extent get rid of the problem that the meat industry has and is creating. In this assignment, I w ill be discussing the environmental and social implications of the meat industry and then analyze from the perspective of various ethical theories. Environmental Impact Analysis: As mentioned above in the introduction, meat production and consumption has many environmental and social implications. It is imperative for businesses and consumers to recognize the problem and work towards mitigating the impacts. For the purpose of this assessment, I will be considering the environmental impacts i.e. resource usage/depletion and global warming as well as the social impacts i.e. unequal distribution of food, inhumane treatment of animals and analyzing them using different ethical theories. I will also be providing recommendations to curtail the growing impact of the industry. Resource Depletion: Our natural environment provides important ecosystem services like food, recreational opportunities, disease regulation that human life ultimately depends upon. Overtime, humans have changed and altered the ecosystem by depleting it in order to meet the growing human demands of freshwater, timber and food. As human population is increasing, per capita demand for ecosystem services is also growing at a fast pace and how these demands are met will determine the future of ecology and economy of our planet. Meat industry poses a major threat to the ecosystem as human activities continue to clear forests in order to grow crops that will be fed to cattle and use water to rear cattle. It is estimated that food production will need to double by the year 2030 to feed the projected global human population of around 9 billion people. Water scarcity is already a problem in many countries as around two billion people suffer from the lack of it and it is estimated that the number of people facing water scarcity will double by the year 2030 (Bennet Balvanera, 2007). Livestock uses about a third of the worlds entire land surface which includes pastures and arable land that provides livestock feed. As Chinese, European and US farmers are running out of land to rear animals for meat and crop production, demand for meat is forcing intensive agriculture into tropical rainforests of developing countries like Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). Global Warming: Global warming is a widely accepted phenomenon and most of the impacts of global warming can already be seen across the world. Retreating glaciers, rising sea levels, thawing tundra, hurricanes and extreme weather conditions are increasing both in frequency and intensity and animals such as penguins, polar bears are struggling to survive. Many species are finding it hard to adapt to changing weather because it is becoming very unpredictable (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008 ). Most of greenhouse gas emissions worldwide (around 35 percent) are due to agriculture practices, primarily animal husbandry and land changes associated with the process of rearing animals for meat. Emissions from this sector are higher than the transport sector or the power generation sector. Two powerful greenhouse gases, methane and nitrous oxide associated with livestock production, contribute more to global warming than carbon dioxide (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). An FAO report on the current and future effe cts of livestock production on the worlds environment and climate states that the livestock sector is growing faster than any other sector and most of this growth is going to happen in developing countries, i.e. in countries with low to middle incomes (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). Livestock production which includes deforestation for grazing land and producing soy feed for animals, carbon lost from soil that is grazed, energy used for growing feed crops, for processing and transporting grains and meat, nitrous oxide released from the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, and gases like methane from animal manure and enteric fermentation all contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Nine percent of global carbon dioxide emissions, 30-40 percent of methane emissions and 65 percent of all nitrous oxide emissions come from this sector. Methane and nitrous oxide are known to have a greater warming potential than does carbon dioxide (McMichael, Powles Uauy, 2007). Production of fertilizers fo r feed crops requires burning of fossil fuels which releases about 41 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. These fertilizers are produced in factories that depend on fossil fuel energy. Animal populations in large and confined factory like settings have significantly increased and along with it has increased methane emissions from both the animals and their manure. These factory like landless facilities produce more manure than can be used as fertilizer on cropland. This manure is distributed to a landmass which usually results in soil accumulation and runoff of pollutants like phosphorous and nitrogen. Half of the energy produced from fossil fuel goes into heating, cooling and ventilation of these facilities and the other half goes into producing seeds, herbicides, pesticides and in the operation of farm machinery (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Majority of the countries in Africa and Asia currently use pasture based methods to raise animals. However this trend is likely to change as countries in Latin America and some countries in Asia are starting to favor intensive farming methods like the one seen in developed counties like the United States (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Forests and soils act as carbon sinks as they hold much of the carbon dioxide. Deforestation and degradation of land release much of this stored carbon gas back into the atmosphere thus increasing level of the gas in the atmosphere. Animal agriculture is a major reason for conversion of wooded land into cropland for feed production or grazing land, and deforestation emits 2.4 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide annually. A big negative impact of the meat industry can be seen in Latin America which has seen the largest net loss of forests and greatest emission of stored carbon dioxide into the atmosphere (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Theory Application: Knowing the impacts of meat production on the environment, various theories can be applied in favor of changing our production and consumption patterns. Utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory, states that an action is morally right if it results in maximum benefit for all parties involved. Utilitarianism evaluates right and wrong action by considering costs and harms and weighing them against benefits (Kunkel, 1996). Since this theory advocates maximizing pleasure and minimizing pain, it would support changing meat consumption patterns to curtail growing ill effects of meat production on the environment. If we compare the costs of meat production to the benefits, we will realize that the cost and harm is much greater than the limited benefits that are achieved. Limited benefits being employment, pleasures of taste, profits for industry, and harm being damage done to the environment. Intrinsic value of nature holds higher worth than all the benefits of the meat industry combined an d it deserves to be protected. Our natural environment provides many important ecosystem services that cannot be replaced if our environment is destroyed or our ecosystems are altered. Everyone on this planet depends on these ecosystem services and any irreversible damage will affect each and every one of us. Ethics of duty states that in order to be moral every person should have a realization of a sense of duty (Baron, 1985). I believe that since we use services provided by the environment and since the ecosystem services are so crucial to our existence and survival, we have a duty towards the natural world and we should preserve it to ensure live continues to flourish. However, the meat industry operates contrary to this belief. It degrades our natural environment by deforestation, water consumption, fossil fuel use, and adding to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions. If we consider the Islamic environmental ethics, it also states that humans owe a duty to the natural world. Islamic law (Shariah) states that conservation of the environment is based on the principle that the environment and everything it consists of is created by God and everything has a function in the natural environment. Just because humans make use of various environmental services, it does not mean that human use is the only reason for their creation. It thus states that all humans have a duty to preserve and protect it (Deen, 1990). Social Impact Analysis: Every business has its share of environmental and social impacts, and meat industry has some obvious impacts on the environment and the society within which it operates. As with the environment, meat industry also has numerous social impacts that are growing with time. Social impacts include humans as well as animals and contemporary methods of meat production tend to overlook these impact. Developing or poor countries are and will bear the brunt of consequences being brought about by climate change. Environmental degradation is a medium for current conflicts and instability in many areas of Sudan. With rising temperatures, and depleting water resources, farmers and herders are fighting with each other to gain access and control of these natural commodities. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) said that that two of the major problems in Sudan- land degradation and desertification are caused by an explosive growth in livestock numbers( Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). United Nations Secretary, General Ban Ki-moon also said that natural disasters caused by climate change will trigger war and conflicts around the world. As global temperatures change, infectious diseases spread more quickly and affect more people (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Equitable distribution of food is also a major concern since half the worlds poverty stricken population goes to bed hungry every night. Excessive meat production consumes most of the crop production that could have fed millions of people around the world. It takes twenty pounds of grain to feed a cow which is to be slaughtered to produce one pound of beef protein. It only seems like a waste when those twenty pounds of grain that were fed to the cow could have been used to feed many people in that country (Shaw Newholm, 2002). It is usually the poor countries that suffer from climactic changes. Majority of human induced global warming is caused by operations of industrialized nations, and it is the poorer nations that suffer from such operations. Global warming most affects areas that are hot and dry. These are also the regions where infectious diseases spread rapidly. When a natural disaster strikes, people in these poor nations suffer the most because they have more difficulty in moving away from changes in climate and they also experience difficulties in buying food incase crop is destroyed or its productivity is affected (Mendelsohn, Dinar Williams, 2006). According to FAOSTAT, around 56 billion animals are reared and slaughtered for human consumption every year and this number is only going to increase over time, primarily in the developing world (Koneswaran Nierenberg, 2008). Inhumane treatment of animals is also a harsh reality of the meat industry. Thousands of animals are locked up in cramped, confined spaces and kept on high doses of vitamins and antibiotics to reduce the risk of diseases. In countries like the US, cattle are grain fed as so it can grow bigger faster. These unnatural conditions not only increase stress for the animal but also leads to higher occurrence of density-promoted diseases. Studies have found that crowding often includes cannibalistic attacks among poultry and pigs. Other practices that question meat industry practices include inflicting pain by castration, branding, dehorning, beak trimming, and inadequate stunning before slaughter. Deep muscle myopathy, fluid accumulation and skeletal disorders associa ted with accelerated muscle growth and restricted movement can be seen quite commonly in facilities where animals are mass produced for meat (Smil, 2002). Not only is the treatment of animals inhumane in most of these facilities, but also these facilities are not exactly hygienic and do not ensure that the meat produced is fit for human consumption. Waste water loaded with nitrate and animal excrement often seeps into groundwater. Mad cow disease was caused by feeding ground sheep brains to cows and unfortunately it is still widely used practice in animal husbandry. Between the years 1980-1996 over 750,000 head of cattle infected with this disease were slaughtered for human consumption in Britain. Other such cases include H5N1 avian influenza (bird flu) that spread from chicken and killed many people in Hong Kong (Smil, 2002). Meat packing is United States one of most dangerous occupations. In 2002, about 25 percent of employees in meat packing factories experienced nonfatal occupational injury or illness whereas serious/fatal injuries and illness were five times the national average, and frequency of repeated physical traumas such as back problems and tendinitis is 30 times higher than the private industry mean (Smil, 2002). Theory Application: Utilitarianism also justifies changing meat consumption patterns when taking into consideration the social impacts of the industry. Whether it is the inhumane treatment of animals, exploitation of natural resources which often leads to social unrest in poor countries, impact of human induced global climate change, meat industry both directly and indirectly creates and facilitates a number of problems in the society. . Utilitarianism focuses on creating maximum benefit for maximum number of people. It therefore supports reducing meat consumption as not only does production of meat require more land, water and energy usage than production of crops, it leads to inequitable distribution of food around the world. Utilitarianism can be argued on the grounds of animal welfare because we dont have a need for animal products and we can survive without. Our penchant for meat is only a matter of taste. Our interests in animals and animal products hold lesser value and cannot be more important t han animals interest in life and freedom from suffering (George, 1994). When we compare the benefits of the industry to the amount of harm or pain it brings to the society, the harm/loss clearly outweighs the benefits/pleasure supporting the premise of this paper that meat industry has very unethical and unsustainable practices and that we as consumers should rethink our consumption patterns and the industry should also change to reduce its enormous negative impact on the environment and the society. Ethics of rights states that every living creature is entitled to certain basic rights such as the right to life, security and freedom from harm. Just because cognitive abilities of animals are not as developed as those of humans, it does not suggest that they are incapable of feeling pleasure or pain and it doesnt give humans any reason to inflict pain upon them. In fact, having higher cognitive ability puts greater responsibility on humans to respect other creatures because we have a sense of morality and the ability to reason. Animals also are entitled to have certain natural rights, such as the right to life (Regan, 1980). Animals are part of the moral community and failure to acknowledge that is called speciesism. Speciesism is wrong and unethical in the same way that racism and sexism is wrong (George, 1994). Humans and animals are similar in that they both have similar interests in not being harmed or killed, and because we share that relationship, we should show more sensitiv ity towards other living things. Humans and non humans are subject-of-a-life and experience pain, suffering, and various emotions. Inherent value is contrasted with instrumental value that tools and other objects have. Just like humans, animals too are subjects-f-a-life and have an intrinsic value. Therefore, they should not be regarded as means to the end of others. They should not be treated as tools but should be respected for what they are. Because animals have rights, it is unethical to exploit them and kill them for our own pleasure or economic benefit (George, 1994). Animal welfare can also be justified on the grounds of ethics of care which states that a moral person is one who cares for others and is considerate of the other persons needs (Li, 1994). It puts an emphasis on values such as caring and advocates maintaining relationships with peace and harmony. If we consider religious ethics then Hinduism advocates practicing Ahimsa or non- violence with fellow creatures as it stresses acting with care. Ahimsa is quite similar to the western philosophy of ethics of care (feminist ethics) in that it also emphasizes having non-harmful intent in all actions and absence of enmity toward other people and animals. Ahimsa teaches acting with care towards others and being thoughtful of how your actions can affect those around you. It promotes love and non-hostility towards all beings and its goal is to eliminate violence from our nature (Corner, 2009). The meat industry works in contradiction to the concept of ahimsa and ethics of care. It doesnt have any regard for the environment, nor does it show empathy for animals that are slaughtered. The concept of ahimsa and ethics of care is the antithesis of the meat industry. Meat industry doesnt do anything to build a harmonious relationship with the environment or with the animals. We also see lack of care and concern for people who are affected by industrial practices. Most affected by the industry are poor people in developing countries who depend on resources being exploited by the meat industrys unsustainable practices. As meat industries are buying land in the developing world to grow feed crop, local indigenous people are losing the land that they depend upon for survival (Repetto Holmes, 1983). This again underscores the fact that practices of meat industry do not fit in with ethics of care or ahimsa. Conclusion and Recommendation: Meat industry has an egoistic approach in that it focuses on meeting short term interests of economic prosperity while ignoring the long term negative impact on the environment. The analysis above makes it quite clear that meat industry has severe long term environmental and social implications and that its unsustainable and callous practices are beyond the pale. Its not possible to shut down the meat industry completely as long as there are consumers. However, the best we can do as responsible and rational beings is to educate ourselves on the impacts, make lifestyle changes and rethink our meat consumption habits to mitigate the impact of the meat industry. It is equally important for the industry to take on sustainable meat production practices. As consumers we can make certain lifestyle changes such as switching to meat analogues or mock meat, and reducing our real meat consumption. Governments can play their part by transferring agricultural production away from meat production in countries where meat production is the highest (Vinnari, 2008). Governments should also remove subsidies and place higher taxes on meat products. By doing so, consumers will have to pay more for meat which will likely decrease meat consumption (Shaw Newholm, 2002). Technological advancements of product Ad campaigns can make a big difference by increasing consumer knowledge about animal rights, meat production, and its negative social as well as environmental impacts (Vinnari, 2008).

The Dream Act Promotes Illegal Immigration Essay -- Argumentative, Per

Today, there are about 80,000 undocumented students who will graduate from high school in the United States. Nearly 65,000 of these students will not only be graduating, but have been living in the country for five years or more. Undocumented students face various challenges as they move along the academic pipeline. Yet, a growing number of them are graduating from U.S. high schools each year prepared to enter our nation’s colleges and universities. These students are most likely in favor of the Dream Act, Development Relief and Education for Alien Minors Act. This is a proposed legislation in the United States that was introduced to the Senate on August 1, 2001, and was re-introduced on March 26, 2009 (Miranda). This proposed bill will grant amnesty to illegal aliens who entered the country as children illegally but now meet the requirements and reverses current law to allow states to provide taxpayer subsidize in-state tuition to illegal aliens. Also, qualifying undocumente d youths will be eligible for a 6 year long conditional path to citizenship that requires completion of a college degree or two years of military service (Miranda). In order to qualify for The Dream Act, if it is passed, the person must meet five requirements. One requirement includes that the person who is applying must have entered the United States before the age of sixteen (Miranda). This condition should logically disqualify the chances of the applicant’s parents to qualify for The Dream Act, unless if they are under the age of sixteen. However, this poses an issue for if the minor does not have a guardian with citizenship already inhabiting the states this does not change the fact that it won’t stop the minor’s parents from entering the country illega... ...ed as a law. Rather a reformation of the proposed legislation to better suit the majority’s needs as well as help innocent students should be considered. Works Cited Arne, Duncan. "Why DREAM Act is right for U.S., young people." USA Today n.d.: Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 1 July 2011. Brad Knickerbocker Staff, writer, and writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo Monitor staff. "DREAM act poised for Senate vote Saturday." Christian Science Monitor 17 Dec. 2010: N.PAG. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 2 July 2011. Mertens, Richard. "College-educated and illegal: Immigrants pin job hopes on DREAM Act." Christian Science Monitor 15 Dec. 2010: N.PAG. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 30 June 2011. MIRANDA, MARà A EUGENIA. "DREAM Act, Part II." Diverse: Issues in Higher Education 28.6 (2011): 8. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 1 July 2011.

Music Triggers Sexua

Music triggers early sexual activity – study published: Sunday | March 2, 2008 Gareth Manning, Sunday Gleaner Reporter Tony Matterhorn thrilling the crowd at Passa Passa on Spanish Town Road in February 2004. A study found that reggae music is one of the influencing factors of early sexual behaviour in teens. – File Teenagers are identifying music, mainly of the dancehall genre, as a trigger for early sexual intercourse, according to a scientific study conducted by public policy analyst and doctoral candidate, Tazhmoye Crawford, at the University of the West Indies, Mona, last year.The study, which centred on contraceptive use among adolescents, revealed that a number of children aged nine to 17, identified popular music as the main influence for experimenting with sex. Music was identified as the fifth leading reason for having intercourse, with 10 per cent of boys indicating that it was the main reason, compared to three per cent of girls. But, the study's findings is generating a mix of arguments among artistes as well as academics.Behavioural scientist and music educator, Dr Marilyn Anderson says despite the fact that the music is being laid out as part of the culture, there is no doubt that hard-core dancehall lyrics and content has an impact on the brain. â€Å"Some rhythms, timbres and amplitudes of the music can affect emotional behaviour in humans, particularly the young,† she says. Sexual activity on buses She surmises there is a direct correlation, for example, between the loud, hard-core music played on some public transportation and the proliferation of sexual display and activity on these same buses.Lecturer and author, Dr Donna Hope says while there are legitimate linkage between the two, the influence of the music is not great when compared to other influences like peer pressure and early exposure to pornography. â€Å"The role of the music is quite negligible,† she explains, â€Å"except that it takes so much from w hat is around us in the society then it would speak about these scenes in ways that would suggest – along with all the things that are happening on the ground – that, yes, a man should have sex because the heterosexual practice is very important in defining who is a man†.Her thoughts are shared by Dylan Pow, organiser of the famed ‘Passa Passa' street dance that takes place on the west Kingston end of Spanish Town Road. He argues that dancehall music is merely a speck in the array of sexual messages promoted by the mass media and is, therefore, no more influential than Hip Hop or Soca. Pow adds that sexuality is only one component of the music which reflects a wide cross-section of the inner-city experience. â€Å"Sometimes is a slack man on top [of the music charts]; sometime is a bad man on top; sometimes is a comedic artiste on top,† he says.He reasons that while events like his does not shun children, despite the graphic overture of sexuality, it does not influence them any more than other aspects of global popular culture. â€Å"The kids are not patrons, they are not buying liquor, they not doing anything and if you go to any open event in Jamaica for the most part, you going to find children who should be in their bed sleeping,† he adds. Big impact on teenagers Popular cultural artiste Tony Rebel is not buying the argument that dancehall merely mirrors the experiences of inner-city folk. He says it equally impacts on those receiving the message, especially teenagers.He says while it is not the only medium of exposure and influence, it plays an important part in early sexualisation. â€Å"The music is the one that is teaching a lot of the youths how to have sex, the name of certain types of sex acts, how to do it. It is all descriptive and even prescriptive,† he argues. He adds that the music has reduced sex to a casual activity and fails to promote and educate youngsters about protecting themselves from sexu ally transmitted diseases during intercourse. Rebel notes too that more males are impacted by the sexual messages coming out of the dancehall because it is delivered from a masculine perspective

rap for freedom of speech essays

rap for freedom of speech essays If you were a songwriter and all your thoughts and efforts were put onto a piece of paper, would you want "big brother" to come and tell you that half of the subject matter is inappropriate and must be censored? Censorship can be defined as a banning of literature, music, and other forms of expression. This is a problem that many rap artists face these days. The three main objectives in this piece I will pursue is why we should allow artists to express themselves, why rap artists should have the freedom of speech, and why censoring destroys the art in rap. For these reasons I believe that rappers should have the freedom to express their views on their albums. For years "gangsta rappers" have sang about the racism, police harassment, poverty and desperation that exists in Americas inner most parts of our cities. From "old school" NWA to Bone Thugs n Harmony to newer artists such as DMX, the struggle and anger stays very thematic. Controversy has always played a role in rap because of its content. In one of the most famous cases of music censorship, police in Dade County, Florida set up a sting to arrest three retailers selling copies of a record by 2 Live Crew to children under the age of 18. Objections to 2 Live Crew started with the breakthrough of their hit "Me So Horny." No prosecutions resulted in standing convictions. Members of 2 Live Crew were also prosecuted for performing the material live in concert. Later that year, Florida grand jury determined that four rap albums (including "Freedom of Speech" by Ice-T) are legally obscene. Area retailers quickly pulled the records from the shelves to avoid prosecution. Following t he controversy surrounding Ice Cube's album Death Certificate, the state of Oregon made it illegal to display Ice Cube's image in any retail store. The ban even extended to ads for St. Ides Malt Liquor, which used Ice Cube as a spokesperson. As we c ...

Political Crisis in Venezuela Essay

Political Crisis in Venezuela Essay Political Crisis in Venezuela Essay Political Crisis in Venezuela EssayOne of the Most Pressing Problems of the Modern World – Political Crisis in VenezuelaPolitical crisis in Venezuela started back in 2013 after the previous president of the state Hugo Chavez died. Over these years, the country’s economy experienced a rapid downfall revealed in huge inflation and decreased level of income among the local residents. Over 90% of people living in Venezuela at that time complained about the inability to sustain a living in the country. The situation was aggravated considerably by the presidential elections of 2018, the results of which were not recognized as valid by many nations. Besides, it was during the previous year that the rule of opposition parliament came into force. Demonstrations and strikes in Caracas involving thousands of local residents reached their peak power in January of 2019 when a 35 year old member of the parliament Juan Guido proclaimed himself a new Venezuelan president.As a result, the change of Venezuelan rule was approved by a number of world’s nations, while in the Bolivian Republic itself, the protest movements involving both followers and opponents of the new political leadership continue to take place all over the nation. At the moment, it is assumed by many that the situation in Venezuela is not going to change or somehow influence the world’s economy. Such a statement was proclaimed by the secretary-general of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Angel Gurria during the World Economic Forum.What Happened Next?After Juan Guido declared his new status of a temporary ruler of the state and the United States recognized his statement as valid, the rightful president Nicolas Maduro called himself a constitutional ruler of the nation saying that the leader of opposition parliament is just a â€Å"puppet of the USA†. The status of Guido as a temporary state leader was also acknowledged by a range of other countries, such as Canada and several Latin American nations. Russia, on the other hand, made a statement in favor of Maduro as the rightful president of Venezuela. In this respect, The Financial Times drew the attention of the public to the position maintained by Russia as an opponent of other members of the world community.Some politicians express an opinion that the situation in Venezuela does not pose any threat to the wellbeing and safety of the rest of the world. Still others, such as The Wall Street Journal, call the recent events a real collision between the powers. Indeed, the USA admits that Juan Guido needs to be acknowledged as a new leader of the state, while the Minister of Foreign Affairs in Venezuela claims that Nicolas Maduro remains a rightful president of the country, which is backed up by the constitution of the state.Be that as it may, it is quite reasonable to say that the people of Venezuela should be given a chance to solve their troubles on their own in order not to make the things worse or shake the world’s peace. However, the future course of events in Venezuela is unpredictable even though certain assumptions can still be made. The majority of opinions expressed by different nations cannot be regarded as optimistic, but we’d rather say the hope is not lost.Boiling Point in Venezuelan Protest MovementObviously, Venezuela’s economic and political crisis of the modern days has recently reached the dangerous point when thousands of Venezuelan people keep holding their hands in favor of Juan Guido as a self-declared acting president of the state. The oppositional movement is aimed at breaking free from the socialist regime imposed by Nicolas Maduro. Such course of events has been unfolding for years and the political disaster was fuelled even further by the unbearable inflation, food shortage and absence of proper medical care among other national problems faced by the society over the recent years.All this eventually provoked the discontent among people and no one will argue that three million Venezuelan people who have fled the country over this period decided to do so not without a good reason. Many might now be confused asking themselves â€Å"So, who’s the president?† Evidently, the answer to this question depends on whose side you have taken in the on-going crisis that followed the dramatic events of January 2019.It comes as no surprise that the decision to stand against the acting president was a rather challenging step that Juan Guido dared taking, especially because only two weeks have passed since Nicolas Maduro was elected to another six-year term of presidency. It did not surprise anyone that Maduro disapproved his opponent’s actions and condemned him in being the marionette of the US saying that his rival’s move cannot diminish his status of a constitutional president.Why People Started the Riot?The key reason why people in Venezuela were eager to initiate a protest movement is the drastic economic downfall that the nation experienced throughout the presidency of previous socialist leaders. Many Venezuelans blame Maduro and his socialist supporters for guiding the country into decline, which produced a great impact on the nation’s wellbeing and prosperity. Many members of the opposition government had been imprisoned or had even fled the nation being afraid of possible imprisonment, while the opposition parties debated about the fairness of the events. In any case, Maduro’s re-election was not in any way approved by the country’s opposition parliament, so this is where the grounds for a protest movement originated and gave rise for the riots of Venezuelans.What Awaits the Nation Next?Hyperinflation is probably the biggest problem faced by Venezuela at the moment. Inflation rates are incredulous and too many residents cannot afford essential commodities like food or medicines. And the situation keeps getting worse. So, many people are now wondering what comes next for the nation.It would probably be right to suggest that Juan Guido and his supporters will keep maintaining their positions to protest against the current state of affairs and oppose the government of Maduro up until Venezuela is completely liberated. However, the truth is that Guido does not have too much power in practice, but the nation is likely to follow its course of action in the future regardless of any circumstances. It only leaves us pondering whether it will be for the better or for the worse.

Ghana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ghana - Essay Example The Mali realm rose back in the mid 1300. Moreover, it emerged from the greater Ghana Empire. However, due to external disputes and internal conflicts within the Ghana Empire and the eventual crumple of the Ghanaian Kingdom, the Mali Kingdom emerged with Sundiata being their leader (Conrad 13). This clearly depicts how Ghanaian began its superiority over the Malian realm. In fact, some historians deem Ghana to be the greatest kingdom in the early part of the 1300. Besides, civilization started in Ghana earlier than in Mali. In fact, civilization in Ghana began even before the arrival of the Europeans into Africa. Moreover, Ghana had started trading early, where they operated with other communities. Their trade items included gold, cloth and copper among others. Moreover, the regime imposed tax to the goldmines in the region (Conrad 14). Mali was still under Ghana Empire, and did little in terms of trade. As a result, the economic capacity of Ghana was far much better as compared to that of Mali, their counterparts. In the political aspect, Ghana had a well-organized system, with the Soninke people reigning over the Berbers. Moreover, the empire had captured a vast area and made it its kingdom. Mali was still under the Ghanaian Empire. The Ghanaian trade in gold had made the empire extremely powerful. Besides, the use of iron aided Ghana in creating weaponry for its territorial army. Furthermore, it was not until the Senegalese Almoravids intervention that capacitated the Malians to take over Ghana Kingdom (Conrad 14). In addition, the Ghana Empire was extensively rich. This mainly resulted from the expansive gold trade within the region. This distinct trade in gold made Ghana change it earlier name (Wagadugu) to its present Ghana (meaning gold land). This gave Ghana an advantage over its former territory, Mali (Conrad 16). However, the ancient Ghana is different from the contemporary Ghana. Besides, the Ghana kings controlled the gold trade

Canada's Immigration Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Canada's Immigration Policy - Essay Example There is also apparent shift in the profile of immigrant source countries in the past several years. Added to this is the fact that more and more people are moving from one place to another worldwide and the perceptible competition in the international economy to attract skilled workers. Movement of people across continents has been a global trend during the advent of long distance travel. Reasons behind this phenomenon are various. These include escaping political, economic, environmental persecution and problems. For some families, the more pressing reasons can be search for better opportunities and safer, more secure living conditions. Given the availability of manpower resources in the different parts of the world and the surplus of families applying immigrant status in Canada, the problem of sustaining the country's economy seems to be solved. However, the process of immigration is not as simple. There must be appropriate and efficient governmental and provincial policies to facilitate this process. This is the function of the Citizenship and Immigration Canada: to draft a structural framework and policies for handling immigration issues of the country. This paper aims to assess these immigration policies and their i... Section 7 (2) of Canada's Immigration Act of 1978 provides an estimate of the total number of immigrants, refugees and other non-immigrants status who will be given permission to settle in Canada. The responsibility of selecting immigrants and refugees and their number for every province, except for Quebec which has the only selection powers, lies on this annual immigration plan (CIC "Laws and Policies"). The proposed Immigration and Refugee Protection Act called Bill C-11 will provide the Citizenship and Immigration Canada the needed implements to ensure public safety and security in relation to the admission of immigrants in the country. This can be achieved by setting new admission criteria and delegating authority to arrest law-breakers and security threats (CIC "The Immigration System"). The other side of the above provisions is the important delivery of the following commitments of facilitating entry to legitimate immigrants and refugees. First is the change of selection priority using the assessment of skills and experience of workers over their current occupations. Second is the focus on reunification of families and protection of refugees. Third is the improved Temporary Foreign Worker Program for the simplification and efficiency of processing of skilled workers and permission of spouses to work. Last is efficient transition of qualified temporary workers from temporary to permanent residents (CIC "Laws and Policies"). The Immigration and Refugee Protection Act of Canada or IRPA was established in 2001. The act has a provision for a consultation between the Minister of Citizenship and Immigration and the provincial governments regarding refugee protection policies and programs to include the determination of the number of foreign nationals

Nutrition Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nutrition - Coursework Example The brand contains some sugars, quality fibre, no fructose corn syrup, and high in calories. The organic and regular Red Delicious Apples defer in three aspects; taste, size, and nutrient value. Red Delicious Organic Apples come in large sizes but lack sweet taste and low in nutrient level as compared to the regular Red Delicious Apples. Non-Organic Red Delicious Apple costs $39 while one Organic Red Delicious Apple goes for $30. There exist six different types of peppers located in the Production Section. The types of peppers include large size Bell Pepper, Mexican heart-shaped Poblano, long and versatile Anaheim, very hot Serrano, and bulbous Habanero. Without any doubt, the longer the storage time, the faster the loss of nutrients in strawberries. In this scenario, a packet of fresh strawberries have higher nutrient levels as compared to large pre-packaged container of cut-strawberries. Hence, a pre-packaged container of cut-strawberries costs cheaper as compared to the other one. The serving size for pasta measures half a cup of cooked pasta. However, some sachets contain 1/3 cup of  pasta to suit the diabetic customers. Hence, the serving size for pasta ranges from 50g to 75g per sachet. Barilla Pasta brand had the highest protein content as compared to other brands of ROTINI. The brand comes in different shapes and sizes. It has plenty of proteins and fibre. It serving size, around 56g, contains 12% of proteins. The â€Å"Light Preparation† of Kraft Macaroni and Cheese requires 2 minutes to prepare, 10 minutes to cooks, and 3 servings. Ingredients include a sachet of Kraft Macaroni and Cheese, 250ml of milk, and 1 table-spoon of unsalted butter. One should add macaroni noodles to some 6 cups of boiling water, cook until when the mixture becomes tender. Stir cheese packet, butter, and milk very well. Finally, one can make 1-cup for 3 servings (Nashchlim, 2014). Cheeseburger Macaroni Hamburger Helper contains  1905mg of

Prewriting Essay Example for Free

Prewriting Essay 1.   I would write about love because I feel love is a tree and romance is just one of its branches. There are other dimensions of love as well apart from romance. In the essay I would touch upon all these dimensions. Apart from love between a man and a woman, there is love between a teacher and a student, love between two friends, love between a man and his pet, love between a celebrity and his fans, love between siblings. I would touch upon all these dimensions of love in the essay. Then I would bring into focus the most divine form of love and that is the love between a mother and her child. I would elaborate on how unique this form of love is and it cannot die or change no matter how advanced the world becomes. I would write that the bond between a mother and her child is natural. This is because they are physically attached to each other for nine months. Due to the capacity of bearing children mothering instinct comes naturally to women. The intensity of this instinct might vary from person to person but it cannot be completely absent in a woman. A mother always prioritizes her child above herself. This selflessness is rare in all the other dimensions of love. I would also focus on the main concepts like jealousy, codependency, idealization, stereotyping etc. that involve different types of relations and would connect all these concepts to a mother-child relationship. This would help in understanding this divine attachment between two human beings in more depth. I would conclude the essay by weaving all the main points highlighted above into a string of points that would point towards the main idea that though there are many forms of love, the love between a mother and a child always excels above others. 2.   I would write about why we need gossip in our culture. I think that gossip is one of the necessities of human beings and all of us love to indulge in it whether consciously or unconsciously. But there are very few of us who like to accept our inclination to indulge in gossip. Even when we are gossiping about our classmates, colleagues, neighbors, celebrities, teachers etc. our conscious mind always tries to project ourselves as a person who does not indulge in this kind of lowly activities. In the essay I would like to focus on the fact that the intensity of our indulgence or love for gossip might differ from one person to another but just like other necessities like food, water, shelter etc. this also becomes one of our needs. I would write that one of the main reasons why some people gossip less when compared to others is because they have less time than the others in this fast paced world. In this context I would quote the example of the reality show, ‘Big Brother’ where the participants are not allowed anything other than the basic necessities and apart from food it is gossip that gives them the strength to survive in a controlled environment. I would write that no matter what the age or the background of the participants is every one uses this tool to ooze out his anger, distress or dissatisfaction. Some people start instantly while others take a little time to open up but ultimately every one engages in this activity. To conclude I would point out that all of us abhor the term gossip attached to our personalities. But in reality this should not be the case. We do not want to accept this important need of our existence because we relate only negative points to this activity. We should consider gossip as a way of socializing which is yet another important requirement of a healthy human mind. It helps in taking out the baggage that we carry in our inner self. However we should always try to indulge in healthy gossip instead of dirty gossip meant to malign others. In healthy gossip many people would be our friends while in the latter we will invite more foes. 3.   I would like to write about the changing attitude towards dating. Years ago dating was a taboo. Then it became an acceptable part of our society. Now it is indispensable for any relationship to bloom. The courtship period that comprises of dating and  calling cannot be imagined without these elements of love. In the essay I would write about changing attitude towards dating not only in the western culture but also in other cultures. There are a many cultures for, example in Asia, where interaction between girls and boys was not acceptable till recent times but since dating has become an integral part of western culture, these cultures are also getting influenced by this concept. The difference in the change of attitude in the  Asian countries compared to  the western  countries is that though it is being accepted the level of acceptance is lower in the Asian countries. I would highlight the point that how gradually dating has started being considered as a means of just spending a good time with the person towards whom one is romantically inclined unlike the yesteryears where it was considered a foundation of long term relationships. In the conclusion of the essay, I would write that courtship consists of dating but not vice versa. Where dating is just for fun, flirting is likely to be one of its components. 4.  Ã‚  I would like to write about anxiety disorder. In the beginning of the essay I would present an overview of the disease. I would mention that many disorders are collectively referred as anxiety disorder. These disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, agoraphobia etc. In fact anxiety disorder is a blanket term that encompasses within itself different types of anxiety, fear, nervous condition or phobia. It can occur suddenly or gradually and can affect people of different age groups and genders. Then I would focus on the causes. Apart from the psychological causes, I would also touch upon the hereditary and genetic causes of the disease. This disease disrupts the day-to-day activities of the people suffering from it. I would write about the symptoms of anxiety disorders. For example there are psychological symptoms like social avoidance, depression, frustration, lack of concentration etc. Apart from that there are physical symptoms too, for example dizzy spells, fatigue, chest pain etc. This would throw light upon how it affects the people suffering from it. Apart from medication there are other things like good family atmosphere, indulgence in some constructive work and exercises that help in the recovery process. I would mention that the people suffering from it should be honest to the practitioners so that they  get cured in the right way.

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems like everywhere there is something in life that seems to be left behind.   In the books I read about mystery or suspense, this always seems to be the case in such.   The Heart of Darkness draws me into such depths of suspense and unknown that seem to associate with my life.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This whole book is full of mysteries.   Marlow has a heart that is full of mystery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a man named Kurtz.   Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the place is at, what could be coming ahead. Maybe he was just acquiring some ideas of what was ahead, or who he would be working with.   Why is all this senselessness happening around him?         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marlow is enthralled with mystery.   You wouldn't think that somebody would be simply crazy to go and take a trip down the Congo river.   He has heard some aspects about the place, and the way it seems to suck the visitors in.   All the people getting diseases.   One would go insane there, so why?   Why would he want to go do this?   Again, it's full of mystery, and that makes an interesting book.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kurtz, with this person, I can not express how much mystery applies to him and his personality.   People haven't heard from him for quite a long time, because he is up the river from the station where Marlow is at.   People are wanting the boss, and they're getting restless.   Is Kurtz, sick?   Could one of these people get a new promotion in their job?   The people don't want Marlow to go explore up the river a ways and kind Kurtz, suppling him with help that he might need.   And yet, Marlow needs Kurtz.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, there is the mystery of the Congo river.   It has a way with the people that come into it and try to explore it's orgins.   It seems to drag you in, and not let you go.   All of this, because they were curious and brave.   But not all brave men will make it through this jungle that the Congo river lays on.

What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella :: English Literature

What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella ‘Of Mice and Men’ In John Steinbeck’s novella, ‘Of Mice and Men,’ the role of dreams plays a very important part. The book was written during the ‘Great Depression,’ which occurred just after the well known ‘Wall Street Crash.’ The book Of Mice and Men was set in the depression of the 1930’s in California in a place called Soledad. Men travelled around looking for any work they could find, they had to leave families and their homes just to make money. Even firms and companies went bankrupt; these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope and definitely no future. The Great depression caused long-term unemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travel across the nation to find a job in places such as California. As a consequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of the United States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams. Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going. In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whose desire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only way that it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thought of achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind the American society during the era of the ‘Depression.’ This was a time when many dreams were created; dreams of being successful, owning a land and looking after animals or growing crops. The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, or migrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to form ever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranch workers in this beautiful novel. The American Dream Everyone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to be their own bosses, and actually have stability. George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their new job on the ranch, to make enough money to live â€Å"off the fatta the land† and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tend the rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join them so that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed his dog. From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrants dreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape from persecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. They dreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dream became a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War, What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella :: English Literature What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella ‘Of Mice and Men’ In John Steinbeck’s novella, ‘Of Mice and Men,’ the role of dreams plays a very important part. The book was written during the ‘Great Depression,’ which occurred just after the well known ‘Wall Street Crash.’ The book Of Mice and Men was set in the depression of the 1930’s in California in a place called Soledad. Men travelled around looking for any work they could find, they had to leave families and their homes just to make money. Even firms and companies went bankrupt; these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope and definitely no future. The Great depression caused long-term unemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travel across the nation to find a job in places such as California. As a consequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of the United States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams. Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going. In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whose desire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only way that it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thought of achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind the American society during the era of the ‘Depression.’ This was a time when many dreams were created; dreams of being successful, owning a land and looking after animals or growing crops. The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, or migrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to form ever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranch workers in this beautiful novel. The American Dream Everyone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to be their own bosses, and actually have stability. George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their new job on the ranch, to make enough money to live â€Å"off the fatta the land† and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tend the rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join them so that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed his dog. From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrants dreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape from persecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. They dreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dream became a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War,