Nutrition Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nutrition - Coursework Example The brand contains some sugars, quality fibre, no fructose corn syrup, and high in calories. The organic and regular Red Delicious Apples defer in three aspects; taste, size, and nutrient value. Red Delicious Organic Apples come in large sizes but lack sweet taste and low in nutrient level as compared to the regular Red Delicious Apples. Non-Organic Red Delicious Apple costs $39 while one Organic Red Delicious Apple goes for $30. There exist six different types of peppers located in the Production Section. The types of peppers include large size Bell Pepper, Mexican heart-shaped Poblano, long and versatile Anaheim, very hot Serrano, and bulbous Habanero. Without any doubt, the longer the storage time, the faster the loss of nutrients in strawberries. In this scenario, a packet of fresh strawberries have higher nutrient levels as compared to large pre-packaged container of cut-strawberries. Hence, a pre-packaged container of cut-strawberries costs cheaper as compared to the other one. The serving size for pasta measures half a cup of cooked pasta. However, some sachets contain 1/3 cup of  pasta to suit the diabetic customers. Hence, the serving size for pasta ranges from 50g to 75g per sachet. Barilla Pasta brand had the highest protein content as compared to other brands of ROTINI. The brand comes in different shapes and sizes. It has plenty of proteins and fibre. It serving size, around 56g, contains 12% of proteins. The â€Å"Light Preparation† of Kraft Macaroni and Cheese requires 2 minutes to prepare, 10 minutes to cooks, and 3 servings. Ingredients include a sachet of Kraft Macaroni and Cheese, 250ml of milk, and 1 table-spoon of unsalted butter. One should add macaroni noodles to some 6 cups of boiling water, cook until when the mixture becomes tender. Stir cheese packet, butter, and milk very well. Finally, one can make 1-cup for 3 servings (Nashchlim, 2014). Cheeseburger Macaroni Hamburger Helper contains  1905mg of

Prewriting Essay Example for Free

Prewriting Essay 1.   I would write about love because I feel love is a tree and romance is just one of its branches. There are other dimensions of love as well apart from romance. In the essay I would touch upon all these dimensions. Apart from love between a man and a woman, there is love between a teacher and a student, love between two friends, love between a man and his pet, love between a celebrity and his fans, love between siblings. I would touch upon all these dimensions of love in the essay. Then I would bring into focus the most divine form of love and that is the love between a mother and her child. I would elaborate on how unique this form of love is and it cannot die or change no matter how advanced the world becomes. I would write that the bond between a mother and her child is natural. This is because they are physically attached to each other for nine months. Due to the capacity of bearing children mothering instinct comes naturally to women. The intensity of this instinct might vary from person to person but it cannot be completely absent in a woman. A mother always prioritizes her child above herself. This selflessness is rare in all the other dimensions of love. I would also focus on the main concepts like jealousy, codependency, idealization, stereotyping etc. that involve different types of relations and would connect all these concepts to a mother-child relationship. This would help in understanding this divine attachment between two human beings in more depth. I would conclude the essay by weaving all the main points highlighted above into a string of points that would point towards the main idea that though there are many forms of love, the love between a mother and a child always excels above others. 2.   I would write about why we need gossip in our culture. I think that gossip is one of the necessities of human beings and all of us love to indulge in it whether consciously or unconsciously. But there are very few of us who like to accept our inclination to indulge in gossip. Even when we are gossiping about our classmates, colleagues, neighbors, celebrities, teachers etc. our conscious mind always tries to project ourselves as a person who does not indulge in this kind of lowly activities. In the essay I would like to focus on the fact that the intensity of our indulgence or love for gossip might differ from one person to another but just like other necessities like food, water, shelter etc. this also becomes one of our needs. I would write that one of the main reasons why some people gossip less when compared to others is because they have less time than the others in this fast paced world. In this context I would quote the example of the reality show, ‘Big Brother’ where the participants are not allowed anything other than the basic necessities and apart from food it is gossip that gives them the strength to survive in a controlled environment. I would write that no matter what the age or the background of the participants is every one uses this tool to ooze out his anger, distress or dissatisfaction. Some people start instantly while others take a little time to open up but ultimately every one engages in this activity. To conclude I would point out that all of us abhor the term gossip attached to our personalities. But in reality this should not be the case. We do not want to accept this important need of our existence because we relate only negative points to this activity. We should consider gossip as a way of socializing which is yet another important requirement of a healthy human mind. It helps in taking out the baggage that we carry in our inner self. However we should always try to indulge in healthy gossip instead of dirty gossip meant to malign others. In healthy gossip many people would be our friends while in the latter we will invite more foes. 3.   I would like to write about the changing attitude towards dating. Years ago dating was a taboo. Then it became an acceptable part of our society. Now it is indispensable for any relationship to bloom. The courtship period that comprises of dating and  calling cannot be imagined without these elements of love. In the essay I would write about changing attitude towards dating not only in the western culture but also in other cultures. There are a many cultures for, example in Asia, where interaction between girls and boys was not acceptable till recent times but since dating has become an integral part of western culture, these cultures are also getting influenced by this concept. The difference in the change of attitude in the  Asian countries compared to  the western  countries is that though it is being accepted the level of acceptance is lower in the Asian countries. I would highlight the point that how gradually dating has started being considered as a means of just spending a good time with the person towards whom one is romantically inclined unlike the yesteryears where it was considered a foundation of long term relationships. In the conclusion of the essay, I would write that courtship consists of dating but not vice versa. Where dating is just for fun, flirting is likely to be one of its components. 4.  Ã‚  I would like to write about anxiety disorder. In the beginning of the essay I would present an overview of the disease. I would mention that many disorders are collectively referred as anxiety disorder. These disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, post traumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, agoraphobia etc. In fact anxiety disorder is a blanket term that encompasses within itself different types of anxiety, fear, nervous condition or phobia. It can occur suddenly or gradually and can affect people of different age groups and genders. Then I would focus on the causes. Apart from the psychological causes, I would also touch upon the hereditary and genetic causes of the disease. This disease disrupts the day-to-day activities of the people suffering from it. I would write about the symptoms of anxiety disorders. For example there are psychological symptoms like social avoidance, depression, frustration, lack of concentration etc. Apart from that there are physical symptoms too, for example dizzy spells, fatigue, chest pain etc. This would throw light upon how it affects the people suffering from it. Apart from medication there are other things like good family atmosphere, indulgence in some constructive work and exercises that help in the recovery process. I would mention that the people suffering from it should be honest to the practitioners so that they  get cured in the right way.

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness :: Heart Darkness essays

Mystery and Suspense in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It seems like everywhere there is something in life that seems to be left behind.   In the books I read about mystery or suspense, this always seems to be the case in such.   The Heart of Darkness draws me into such depths of suspense and unknown that seem to associate with my life.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This whole book is full of mysteries.   Marlow has a heart that is full of mystery when he is stuck in Africa, and looking for a man named Kurtz.   Marlow is waiting, he learns about where the place is at, what could be coming ahead. Maybe he was just acquiring some ideas of what was ahead, or who he would be working with.   Why is all this senselessness happening around him?         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marlow is enthralled with mystery.   You wouldn't think that somebody would be simply crazy to go and take a trip down the Congo river.   He has heard some aspects about the place, and the way it seems to suck the visitors in.   All the people getting diseases.   One would go insane there, so why?   Why would he want to go do this?   Again, it's full of mystery, and that makes an interesting book.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kurtz, with this person, I can not express how much mystery applies to him and his personality.   People haven't heard from him for quite a long time, because he is up the river from the station where Marlow is at.   People are wanting the boss, and they're getting restless.   Is Kurtz, sick?   Could one of these people get a new promotion in their job?   The people don't want Marlow to go explore up the river a ways and kind Kurtz, suppling him with help that he might need.   And yet, Marlow needs Kurtz.         Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet, there is the mystery of the Congo river.   It has a way with the people that come into it and try to explore it's orgins.   It seems to drag you in, and not let you go.   All of this, because they were curious and brave.   But not all brave men will make it through this jungle that the Congo river lays on.

What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella :: English Literature

What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella ‘Of Mice and Men’ In John Steinbeck’s novella, ‘Of Mice and Men,’ the role of dreams plays a very important part. The book was written during the ‘Great Depression,’ which occurred just after the well known ‘Wall Street Crash.’ The book Of Mice and Men was set in the depression of the 1930’s in California in a place called Soledad. Men travelled around looking for any work they could find, they had to leave families and their homes just to make money. Even firms and companies went bankrupt; these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope and definitely no future. The Great depression caused long-term unemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travel across the nation to find a job in places such as California. As a consequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of the United States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams. Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going. In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whose desire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only way that it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thought of achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind the American society during the era of the ‘Depression.’ This was a time when many dreams were created; dreams of being successful, owning a land and looking after animals or growing crops. The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, or migrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to form ever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranch workers in this beautiful novel. The American Dream Everyone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to be their own bosses, and actually have stability. George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their new job on the ranch, to make enough money to live â€Å"off the fatta the land† and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tend the rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join them so that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed his dog. From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrants dreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape from persecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. They dreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dream became a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War, What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella :: English Literature What is the role of dreams in John Steinbeck’s novella ‘Of Mice and Men’ In John Steinbeck’s novella, ‘Of Mice and Men,’ the role of dreams plays a very important part. The book was written during the ‘Great Depression,’ which occurred just after the well known ‘Wall Street Crash.’ The book Of Mice and Men was set in the depression of the 1930’s in California in a place called Soledad. Men travelled around looking for any work they could find, they had to leave families and their homes just to make money. Even firms and companies went bankrupt; these were depressing and desperate times, with no hope and definitely no future. The Great depression caused long-term unemployment, migration, poverty and many young men had to travel across the nation to find a job in places such as California. As a consequence to the Great Depression, almost all of the citizens of the United States lived lives that were filled with unfulfilled dreams. Without dreams, no one would have a reason to keep going. In this essay, I will look at several of the main characters, whose desire and vision of their dreams draws them together in the only way that it will counteract the loneliness of their existence. The thought of achieving a personal dream seems to be the driving force behind the American society during the era of the ‘Depression.’ This was a time when many dreams were created; dreams of being successful, owning a land and looking after animals or growing crops. The people who had these dreams were mostly ranch workers, or migrants, people who never stay in one place long enough to form ever-lasting relationships, hence the dreams of many of the ranch workers in this beautiful novel. The American Dream Everyone has a dream to strive for. The poor ranch hands wish to be their own bosses, and actually have stability. George and Lennie have a dream, even before they arrive at their new job on the ranch, to make enough money to live â€Å"off the fatta the land† and be their own bosses. Lennie will then be permitted to tend the rabbits. Candy, upon hearing about the dream, wants to join them so that he will not be left alone, especially after they killed his dog. From the 17th Century, when the first settlers arrived, immigrants dreamed of a better life in America. People went there to escape from persecution or poverty, and to make a new life for themselves. They dreamed of making their fortunes in the goldfields. For many the dream became a nightmare. The horrors of slavery, of the American Civil War,

Hybrid System for Automobiles

As you will well appreciate, the issue of hybrid automobile systems has gained increased prominence in the recent past. This is as a result of the drawbacks associated with the conventional automobile systems currently in use and the potential benefits that hybrid systems can offer.At present, our company, like many automobile manufacturers, produces vehicles that run on the conventional internal combustion engine. Since this involves the combustion of fossil-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel, it is associated with the emission of noxious gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and waste hydrocarbons that significantly compound the problem of global warming in addition to increasing the risk of heart, lung, respiratory and eye illnesses.Fossil fuels are also manufactured from oil, which has recently been the subject of steep price hikes that affected many motorists.Hybrid systems are not only cleaner but also incur cheaper operational costs. They would gi ve our company an opportunity to demonstrate its social responsibility and commitment to the environment and generate positive PR spin offs for it. It would also help the firm generate more sales revenues and to maximize its profits.Towards this end, I have prepared a proposal that seeks to design, develop, and implement an automobile hybrid system to be incorporated into our vehicles. Given the time schedule, reliability, schedule visibility, clarity of technology and user requirements associated with the development of the proposed system, we propose to use a throwaway prototyping model, a type of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC).The entire project is expected to take one year, and will involve experts drawn from the different functional areas of the organization as well as outside consultants. Other resource requirements will include finances to purchase raw materials and modify existing production facilities.Given the unmistakable benefits that the hybrid automobile sys tem offers, there is no doubt that the benefits that our company will reap from its implementation will outweigh the costs by far. I will be glad to clarify or discuss with you any issues appertaining. Thank you.

College Essay Sample Essays

College Essay Sample Essays College Essay Sample Essay College Essay Sample Essay Essay Topic: College application When you are planning to apply to a prestigious University or college, you may be asked to pen down a college essay which is also known as college application essay. ProfEssays. com has a team of skilled writers who can help you draft college essay sample. In such essays you are required to decide first of all the content of your essay and then you can proceed with it. It doesn’t have a format as such but it is suggested that you be precise and articulate your choice of course and college in a well organized manner so that it is conveyed to the course in charge. Graduate School Essay Sample The main worry after passing out of the high school is getting admission into a good Graduate school. But it isn’t all that easy because you are required to go through the entire selection procedure. The first step to the graduate school is to write a fine quality graduate school essay sample. These graduate essays help the University select the suitable candidates for their particular college and course. It should reflect the real you and your potential to take up the course of your interest. It should reflect your determination and seriousness for the course so that the authorities are compelled to take you in. Sample essay paper #3 (Terrorism) Sample essay #4 (World Food and Nutrition) Sample essay #5 (Environmental Policy and Law) Sample research proposal #6 (Business Research Proposal) Well Drafted Research Proposal samples At University level when you plan to take up a particular subject of study to a higher level i. e. M. Phil or PhD you are required to present a Research Paper on that particular subject or topic. Before the submission of the research paper the scholar is asked to submit a research proposal sample to the instructor/guide. This research proposal is aimed at tracing the scholars potential for the research that he/she is planning to undertake. Therefore you need to ensure strategic deployment of all your writing tools and knowledge about the topic. If you find it complicated then you can always seek professional help from our trained writers.

Frances Economy Five Key Macroeconomic Variables

Frances Economy Five Key Macroeconomic Variables Introduction France is one of the largest and most advanced economies in the world. The country achieved its success through diversification of its economy and prudent management of the public sector finances. Unlike other developed countries, agriculture contributes significantly to economic development in France. The output from the agricultural sector comes from livestock and cash crops.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on France’s Economy: Five Key Macroeconomic Variables specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leading industries in the country include chemicals, automobiles, electronics, machinery, and textiles. The main minerals produced in the country include iron, bauxite, and coal. Nearly 75% of the country’s electricity is generated though nuclear energy. The government has since reduced its participation in the economy by privatizing most of its firms. This paper focuses on the economy of F rance by analyzing five of its key macroeconomic variables. These include unemployment rate, real interest rate, gross domestic product (GDP), inflation rate, and the current account balance. Additionally, policy recommendations will be suggested to help the country to revitalize its economy. The analysis will focus on the period between 1980 and 2012. Background France is among the leading producers of automobiles, aircrafts, cosmetics, and luxury goods. It also has highly advanced insurance, telecoms, power generation, and tourism industries. The country’s labor force has the largest number of graduates, especially, in science disciples per one thousand workers in the Euro-zone. Following the end of the Second World War, the country experienced a rapid economic growth due to its massive investment in agriculture. During this period, nearly 40% of the population was employed in the agricultural sector. The country’s GDP expanded at an average rate of 4.1% between 1945 and 1975. Rapid economic growth was maintained through several four-year development plans. These plans had economic development targets that were set by the government, but were mainly achieved by the private sector. From 1945 to 1986, the government focused on implementing policies of nationalization, as well as, intensive intervention in the economy. From 1981, Mitterrand’s regime focused on nationalizing major firms in key industries such as insurance, banking, and pharmaceuticals. Following the failure of the nationalization strategy, the country embarked on large-scale privatization of its firms in the 1990s.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nonetheless, the government still holds a large proportion of shares in the countries major companies such as France Telecom and Renault. In the 1990s, the country’s economy maintained moderate grow th through investments in modern technologies such as the internet and the expansion of infrastructure. The formation of the European Union and the Euro-zone contributed to the country’s economic growth by providing a ready market for its exports. However, the economic crisis in Europe and the global economic downturn, which began in 2007, have led to severe reduction in the country’s growth rate. In 2009, the country’s â€Å"real GDP contracted by 2.6%, whereas unemployment rate increased from 7.4% to 10%†. Additionally, the country’s budget deficit as a percentage of GDP increased from 3.4% in 2008 to 7.5% in 2009. Public debt also increased from 68% to 89% of the GDP in the same period. Despite the efforts made by the government in the last five years, the country has not been able to achieve a growth rate above 2% or to reduce its unemployment rate below 10% (IMF, 2013). Overview of the Main Macroeconomic Variables France’s real interest rate, unemployment rate, GDP, current account balance, and inflation rate have greatly evolved in the last thirty years. Unemployment rate refers to the â€Å"percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed, but willing to work and actively seeking employment†. Figure 1, illustrates the fluctuation of unemployment in France in the last thirty years. According to figure 1, the country’s unemployment rate rose steadily from 8.07% in 1982 to 10.5% in1988. On average, the unemployment rate during this period was 9.56%. Following the implementation of expansionary fiscal policy that led to a 4.67% GDP growth in 1988, the unemployment rate reduced to 8.98% in 1990 (IMF, 2013). However, this recovery was short lived since the unemployment rate rose to 11.68% in 1994. From 1994 to 1999, the country’s average unemployment rate was 11.21%. The country maintained a less than 10% unemployment rate from 2000 to 2008. However, the 2008/2009 global economic downturn le d to an increase in unemployment rate above 10%.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on France’s Economy: Five Key Macroeconomic Variables specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the successes of the French economy has been its ability to maintain low inflation rate. Figure 2 indicates that the country’s inflation rate has been falling from 1982 to 2012. The inflation rate reduced from 11.98% in 1982 to 0.67% in 1998 (IMF, 2013). However, it rose to 1.92% in 2012. The country’s real interest rate has also been falling steadily in the last twenty years as shown in figure 3. Concisely it reduced from 2.4% in 1993 to 0.12% in 2012 (World Bank, 2013). Figure 4 indicates that France’s current account balance has been very volatile in the last thirty years. The country’s current account was in deficit between 1982 and 1990. However, it recovered steadily after 1992, thereby reaching a surplus of 3.15% of GDP by 1999 (IMF, 2013). From 2000, the current account has been declining steadily, thereby reaching a deficit of -1.75% of GDP in 2012. Since 1982, the country’s highest GDP growth was 4.67% in 1988, whereas the lowest growth was -3.15 in 2009. Table 1 presents the data used to generate figure 1 to 4. Macroeconomic Analysis France experienced a high unemployment rate (above 10%) between 1985 and 1988; 1993 and 1999; and 2011 and 2012. The high unemployment rate during these periods is mainly attributed to the conditions in the country’s labor market. France has one of the highest payroll taxes in the world. The country charges 43% payroll tax, which is higher than the rate in nearly all developed countries. For instance, the United States of America charges 5%, whereas the UK charges 11%. The high payroll tax has contributed significantly to the reduction of the competitiveness of French companies. In order to maintain their competiveness, most Fr ench companies have resorted to outsourcing non-core business activities from low wage countries. In particular, most companies, especially, in the manufacturing sector have relocated their production plants to countries such as China and India, which have cheap labor. This strategy has led to exportation of jobs as companies reduce their workers in order to lower operating costs. For instance, Peugeot, one of the leading automobiles manufacturers in the country, dismissed 8,000 workers in 2012 in order to reduce its labor costs. From 2000, the government focused on implementing several reforms in order to boost employment in the private sector. The reforms included a reduction of payroll taxes for employees earning the minimum wage, as well as, allowing tax breaks for firms that employ young people or trainees.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These reforms partly contributed to the slight reduction of unemployment between 2000 and 2003. Nonetheless, these reforms did not achieve much since unemployment rate began to increase from 2004. Protection of employee rights is another problem that leads to high unemployment rate in France. The labor unions in France have a lot of influence in the labor market. They always participate in the negotiation of salaries and working conditions in most industries. Consequently, French workers benefit from job security and guaranteed salary levels. Providing these benefits has been a great challenge to small businesses due to their limited financial resources. Consequently, they are reluctant to create new jobs for fear of the penalties associated with dismissing workers or paying low wages. Low qualification is the major cause of unemployment among the youth. Due to the high competition in the job market, most employers prefer to hire experienced workers rather than fresh graduates from collages. Fresh graduates (youth) are expensive to employers since they have to be trained before they adapt to the work environment. Finally, the high employment rate in 2012 is attributed to dismal economic growth that began in 2007. Figure 1 shows that unemployment has been increasing as GDP growth reduces from 2007. The low economic growth has led to reduced profits, thereby limiting the ability of firms to create new jobs or to sustain existing ones. According to figure 2, France’s inflation rate was highest in 1982. This is partly attributed to the 1978-1979 oil shock that led to a sharp increase in prices of goods. The increase in oil prices in late 1970s led to an increase in the cost of production, thereby causing a general rise in the prices of goods. As the economy recovered from the oil shock, inflation began to reduce, reaching a low of 2.5% in 1986. Following the expansion of GDP by 4.67% in 1988, the inflation rate rose to 3.5% in 1989 (IMF, 2013). An increase in economic growth is normally accompanied by increased expenditure in the private and the public sector, thereby increasing inflationary pressure. Since 1990, France has maintained an inflation rate below 3%. This low rate of inflation is mainly attributed to slow economic growth and slack in the economy. According to figure 2, inflation tends to be falling when GDP growth is reducing. The logic behind this trend is that slow economic growth lead to low GDP per capita. The resulting reduction in purchasing power leads to a fall in the demand for goods and services. Consequently, firms reduce their prices in order to remain competitive. This reduction in prices leads to low inflation rate. In 2009, the GDP contracted by -3.1%, thereby causing a near deflation situation (0.09% inflation rate). The reduction in real interest rate in the last three decades was caused by intense regulation of the banking sector. Concisely, banking-sector regulations did not permit the increase of nomina l interest rates to compensate for the loss of currency value due to inflation. Consequently, real interest rates reduced as inflation increased. Even though the government liberalized the banking sector in late 1990s, the real interest rates did not rise. This is because France’s central bank lowered its lending rate in order to spur economic growth. Current account balance refers to a country’s net import of goods and services, as well as, net transfer payment and earnings from sources such as rent. In the last three decades, France’s current account has been in deficit except for the period between 1992 and 2004. The deficit that occurred before 1992 was due to the high labor costs that led to outsourcing by most French companies. Concisely, most companies relocated their production plants to overseas economies with cheap labor. Additionally, some companies outsourced their back office operations to foreign countries. This led to increased imports, thereby ca using the current account deficit. The deficit that occurred after 2004 is mainly attributed to France’s participation in the Euro-zone. In particular, the deficit has been caused by the monetary union in the Euro-zone. The use of a common currency means that France’s exchange rate in the Euro-zone is fixed. Consequently, its currency cannot depreciate relative to other Euro-zone countries such as Germany in order to boost exports and reduce imports. Figure 4 indicates that France’s current account has been worsening when its GDP is falling and vice versa. This implies that the reduction in productivity as indicated by a reduction in GDP limits the country’s ability to export. Arising GDP, on the other hand, implies increased productivity that increase the country’s ability to export, thereby improving the current account balance. According to figure 5, France has been able to achieve a rapid growth in its per capita GDP since 1800. Consequently, i t has been able to catch-up with other developed countries such Spain and Sweden (Gap-Minder, 2013). Nonetheless, figure 1to 4 shows that the country has not been able to maintain a rapid growth of its GDP in the last three decades. From 1982 to 2008, France’s average GDP growth was approximately 2%. Other advanced economies such as the USA grew by 3% over the same period. After 2008, France has not been able to achieve any growth above 1.6% (IMF, 2013). The factors that account for the poor performance include the following. To begin with, the economic model that spurred rapid growth after the Second World War lost its effectiveness from the 1970s to 1990s. This is because the country has been experiencing a sharp decline in returns on capital, labor productivity gains, and investments since 1970s. Low productivity among the working class has also contributed to the country’s poor economic growth. The number of hours dedicated to work per full-time employee has reduce d considerable in the last three decades. France’s investment efficiency has reduced substantially in the last four decades. Investment efficiency refers to the â€Å"variation in GDP in relation to net fixed capital formation†. The combined effect of low productivity gains and reduced investment efficiency led to a reduction in firm profits, thereby limiting growth. Consequently, firms focused on cost reduction and maintaining profitability rather than expanding their markets. The reduction in profits limited the firms’ ability to make new investments, thereby slowing job creation. The resulting increase in unemployment rate led to a reduction of wages. Consequently, aggregate demand fell, thereby discouraging economic growth in the 1980s. In the 1990s, the government introduced labor market reforms such as fixed-term contracts. These reforms enabled most firms to return to profitability. However, they did not succeed in enhancing domestic demand in order to pr omote economic growth. Even though investment rebound in late 1990s, France did not define a new economic model to sustain a rapid growth. Due to unfavorable labor market conditions and low profits, most French companies embarked on foreign direct investments in the 1990s. This strategy did not only lead to capital flight from the country, but also worsened its current account deficit and unemployment rate. France is yet to recover from the shocks of the Euro-zone crisis and the 2008/2009 economic downturn, which have reduced its economic growth in the last five years. Policy Recommendations The following suggestions can help France to return to rapid economic growth. To begin with, unemployment can be reduced through labor market reforms. These include wage compression that involves lowering the minimum wage rate and implementing a negative income tax. A lower minimum wage will encourage local firms to create new jobs, whereas a negative income tax will compensate employees for the income lost through the reduction of the minimum wage. The payroll tax should also be reduced in order to encourage local firms to create jobs by investing in France rather than relocating to other countries. The current account deficit can be corrected by increasing net exports outside the Euro-zone. This is because the depreciation of the Euro against other currencies will make France’s exports more competitive. The current account will improve as exports increase and imports reduce. The government can avoid deflation by loosening its monetary policy. The resulting increase in money supply will encourage investment and consumption, thereby preventing deflation. However, loosening monetary policy should be moderate in order to avoid high inflation. Finally, France should improve its economic growth by reforming its tax system. Concisely, it should raise taxes for the high-income earners and lower taxes for the low-income earners. This will ensure that the government has ade quate tax revenue without discouraging expenditure among the low-income earners. Reducing the budget deficit to 3% of the GDP will negate the need for austerity measures in future, thereby encouraging growth through public and private expenditure. Conclusion The aim of this paper was to analyze the French economy. In particular, it focused on the evolution of the economy’s GDP, unemployment rate, inflation rate, current account balance, and real interest rate in the last three decades. Results show that GDP growth has remained dismal in the last thirty years. The factors that account for the slow growth include high labor costs, lack of an effective growth model, and low investment efficiency. The current account has been deteriorating. Similarly, high unemployment has been a persistent problem. Nonetheless, the real interest rate and inflation have been declining. In light of these revelations, the government should take immediate measures to improve the economy. Appendix Fi gure 1: Unemployment rate Verses GDP growth Figure 2: Inflation rate Verses GDP growth Figure 3: Real Interest Rate Verses GDP Growth Figure 4: Current Account Balance Verses GDP Growth Figure 5: Gap-Minder Table 1: Data for figure 1 to 4 yeas GDP Inflation Unemployment CA Bal Interest rate 1982 2.418 11.978 8.069 -2.099 1983 1.227 9.46 8.421 -0.853 1984 1.499 7.674 9.771 -0.145 1985 1.614 5.831 10.23 -0.064 1986 2.252 2.539 10.363 0.31 1987 2.387 3.289 10.5 -0.484 1988 4.671 2.701 10.006 -0.465 1989 4.184 3.498 9.396 -0.46 1990 2.625 3.38 8.975 -0.791 1991 1.034 3.217 9.467 -0.495 1992 1.478 2.366 9.85 0.279 1993 -0.665 2.106 11.117 0.708 7.02 1994 2.248 1.661 11.683 0.596 6.69 1995 2.044 1.778 11.15 0.466 6.80 1996 1.067 2.084 11.583 1.231 5.23 1997 2.189 1.283 11.542 2.657 5.38 1998 3.377 0.667 11.067 2.621 5.46 1999 3.287 0.533 10.458 3.147 6.17 2000 3.686 1.716 9.083 1.452 5.05 2001 1.834 1.606 8.392 1.756 4.86 2002 0 .928 1.885 8.908 1.247 4.29 2003 0.901 2.141 8.892 0.723 4.51 2004 2.54 2.143 9.258 0.541 4.84 2005 1.826 1.751 9.283 -0.485 4.50 2006 2.468 1.669 9.242 -0.576 4.55 2007 2.289 1.49 8.375 -1.003 3.70 2008 -0.083 2.817 7.817 -1.744 4.6 2009 -3.146 0.099 9.5 -1.333 4.70 2010 1.664 1.493 9.729 -1.558 3.12 2011 1.693 2.141 9.633 -1.95 3.32 2012 0.122 1.924 10.138 -1.734 2.54 References Boyes, W., Melvin, M. (2010). Macroeconomics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Couleaud, A., Delamarre, F. (2010). Frances national economic wealth declined in 2009 for the second year in a row. Paris, France: Banque de France. Gap-Minder. (2013). The wealth of nations. Web. IMF. (2013). Economic data. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/external/index.htm Kabundi, A., Simone, F. (2011). France in the global economy: A stractural approximation dynamic factor model anlysis. Empirical Economics, 41(2), 311-342. Miotti, L., Sachwald, F. (2004). Growth in France from 1950-2030: The innovati on challange. Paris, France: IFRI. World Bank. (2013). World development indicators. Web.

Behavioral Science Essay Example

Behavioral Science Essay Example Behavioral Science Essay Behavioral Science Essay 595,000 people, most likely men, women, handicapped, aged, kick, prisoners of war, forced laborers, camp inmates, critics, homosexuals, Jews, Slavs, Seers, Germans, Czech, Italians, Poles, French, Ukrainians, and many others. (1992) Or. Josef Mangle, nicknamed The Angel of Death, and other Nazi doctors had a chance to study science without the hindering voices of humanitarianism. The death camps tortured men, women, and children with medical experiments previously designated for only animals. Victims were exposed to experimental surgeries, injected with lethal germs, and made to endure sex change operations. Often times, victims limbs and organs were removed to study their reactions. Mangle injected chemicals into the eyes of children in an attempt to change their eye color. He carried out twin-to-twin transfusions, stitched twins together, and castrated or sterilized them. Eugenics had come to fruition and science, the new religion, had reared its ugly head for all to see. By the end of WI, the stench of death grew thicker with the discovery Of Germanys racial hygiene. The sheer magnitude of bodies was enough to send any eugenicist backbreaking. As quickly as it had exploded, the flames of eugenics were extinguished. The public, in view of this social anathema, felt utterly disturbed and disgusted. Support for eugenics programs fell to a silence in the Western World; a price that would force many scientists to resent their burden of Hitler. The Slim peppery Slope It is said, you can kill a man, but you cannot destroy what he stands for. In much the same way, the ideology of eugenics has survived the holocaust. For years, it has lurked in the periphery of science and news media; but, as the resonating effects of WI have begun to wear off, technology has restored faith in science. Once again, American culture finds itself particularly susceptible to the dangerous ideology of behavioral genetics. The haunting words Of Gallon still echo a clear progression of academia, practical policy, and then national consciousness as a new religion (Caving-Coffee, 2000). Already, America is taking steps toward the catastrophe of history repeating itself. At the heart of American consciousness is a belief that hard work and perseverance can overcome any disadvantage of wealth or class. The history of the U. S. Is filled with entrepreneur tales of the American dream. In fact, many individuals have risen from poverty to gain prosperity, wealth, and political power. Those who prosper, by either personal achievement or airtight, have difficulty accepting the problems that social order may provide for those in deficiency. Consequently, many of these conservatives believe that social stratification is a natural result of variation in talent and character (Miller, 1996). In view of Americas Social policies, conservatives can become resentful and even racist. Conservatives within the academic world have nurtured eugenics back from the ashes. With the help of an ancient foundation, The Pioneer Fund, the new movement has been able to break ground in modern research. In 1 937, Harry Guilin and eugenic colleagues formed the foundation as a tool to promote horses of black inferiority (Miller, 1983). Under the guise of behavioral science, millions of dollars have been donated to help the eugenic cause Once again reach fruition. Thomas Boucher, a leading psychologist at the University of Minnesota, has received large sums of money from the Pioneer Fund to research the traits of twins separated at birth and reared apart. According to Buckboards results, intelligence turned out to be 70 percent genetic. Previous research in twin studies had included unethical experimentation (Josef Mangle) and even deception (Sir Cyril Burt). Crucial experimentation such as this is often prone o fraudulent claims. Strangely enough, Boucher did not release the methodology of his findings; so, no other scientists could examine how he found these high results. By doing this, Boucher has guaranteed that no one can disprove him. Authors Richard Hermiston and Charles Murray made a similar claim in their pioneer funded book, The Bell Curve. The book claims that inherited intelligence is the main determiner of a persons potential. Hermiston and Murray take the complex idea of intelligence and presume to measure it objectively through written tests. They conclude from their finding hat whites are genetically more intelligent than blacks are; this idea parallels that of the Pioneer Fund. Accordingly, there is no amount of social progress that can change the genetic inferiority of certain races. Through a book of statistics and scientific jargon, the have-knots are once again told that their lives are futile. The book conveniently explains much of the economic inequality in American society, while simultaneously guaranteeing that only intelligent types can understand it. For those that can understand it, the message is clear: reduce the number of children born to low IQ mothers. The kook does well to euthanize low-end society and it provides a suggestion for an easy cleanup. According to Hermiston and Murray, low IQ accounts for poverty, class status and criminal activity. By eliminating welfare and tightening immigration (sound familiar), you eliminate the members at the bottom of society and the poverty and delinquency along with them. In eugenic fashion, The Bell Curve captivated the nation and gained exposure on major media outlets such as Nightline, New York Times, and Rolling Stone magazine. Another major publication, Crime and Human Nature, by Hermiston and Wilson looked into criminal behavior. Hermiston and Willows research characterized a criminal stereotype. In a whopping generalization, they were able to define typical age, sex, intelligence, personality, and even body structure of a criminal. This data predicted what a defective criminal looks like. The movie Minority Report expands upon this very design, judging and convicting people before they commit a crime. How ever unlikely it is for science fiction to become a reality, it is hard not to acknowledge American cultures fascination with genetic criminal behavior. This fascination has resulted in a recent government program called the Violence Initiative. It has dumped millions of dollars into research focused on the biological roots of violence. Dry. Frederick Goodwin, now head of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Was once the head Of the Violence Initiative; however, he stepped down after a stint of racial statements. While explaining the program, he declared that the Violence Initiative was designed to try to find out who might be more likely to go on to becoming labeled eventually as delinquent or criminal (Bringing, 1993). The demographic here is unfortunately children. Today, parents throughout America are told that the problems their children eve adjusting at home and school are biologically based. Already millions of children are behaviorally controlled by means of psychotropic drugs such as Rattail, Dexedrine, and Derail. With society focus on drugs and the huge resulting drug industry, it is no surprise that dangerous research with children has been approved. In 1998, researchers in New York selected 100 African American and Latino boys to test their violent behavior. The boys were chosen because their older brothers had been through the criminal justice system. The recently recalled drug fingernail was given to the children in he hopes that the drug which triggers the brain to release serotonin, could lessen aggression (Learn, 1998). The study exploited the children with their use of stereotypes and generalizations, but this was not the first time male aggression had been studied. On Seep. 7, 1968, an English medical journal Lancet held an article on the 47-SEXY eukaryote. This genetic condition bestowed upon its owner an extra Y-chromosome (instead of the common 46-XX). Since the Y chromosome was known to be responsible for the development of male physical traits, it was thought that the extra Y might account for extra maleness. To many scientists, this meant more aggressive, irresponsible, and criminal behavior that is specific to men. The author, Nielsen, claimed that the prevalence Of SEXY within the prison system is 25-60 times higher than general population levels. The study, based upon conjecture and small sample size, was found to be completely erroneous; but nonetheless, the findings excited the science world and mesmerisms the public. Quite suddenly and absolutely, anyone with SEXY was characterized as a criminal. The media only reinforced this sentiment by featuring serious criminals presumed to have the genetic defect. Despite falsifying evidence against the SEXY criminality, American cultures interest and belief in the issue has not been destroyed. The American media often report researchers findings long after they have been disproved. Since so much of the modern world relies on science and technology, many people have been bred into a type of blind faith in its decisions. The SEXY situation is a good example of science leading society astray. The erroneous findings of few lead to the characterization and maltreatment of many. American culture stands at a pivotal point within contemporary law and public policy as the behavioral emetics movement threatens to invade. In recent news, eugenics has been seen. A program in Southern California was formed to help stop defectives from propagating. The program offered drug addicted women with a history of bearing children $200 for voluntary sterilization or long-term birth control. The program, called CRACK (Children Requiring a Caring Community), advertised their proposal by sending out fliers with the message, Dont let pregnancy ruin your drug habit (Riposte and Watt, 1998). This program was designed specifically to keep the drug addicts down, while ensuring they do to reproduce. Another contemporary issue has been the resurfacing of euthanasia. Dry. Jack Savoring used the dubious justification of terminally ill people to reject life-prolonging treatment in his assisted suicides. Through much of the controversy surrounding his case, euthanasia was able to once again gain support and become a common banrod. The recent case of Terrier Achieve has illustrated the persistence of the conservative front. Caviars court ordered death was a result of a modern utilitarian ethic that challenges public policy and criminal law in a progressively eugenic outlook. Already Americas closest allies, Great Britain, have begun to tackle the issue of genetic informations influence on criminal law. The Minefield Council on Bioethics in London reported that the use of genetic information be considered when sentencing convicted offenders. They state that: [T]he criminal justice system should be open to new insights from disciplines that it has not necessarily considered in the past. The regular exchange of ideas in this area between researchers in behavioral genetics, criminologists and lawyers could be an effective means of ensuring that legal concepts of accessibility are assessed against current evidence from the behavioral and medical sciences. (Minefield, 2002) This effectively treats criminals different depending on which genes they have, a trait that is out of their control. Despite the uncertain nature of the evidence, genetic use is snowballing toward public law and policy. The field of genetics has given society other law concerns as well. Ideas such as embryo and stem cell research, assisted reproduction, cloning, and DNA prevarication are all new ethical issues that culture will be forced to deal with. Currently, well-informed scientists build their influence for these arguments hill the common nonprofessional becomes another unwitting pawn. The slim peppery slope to full-scale eugenics and possible Nazism comes ever closer. Western culture may be capable of accepting another national consciousness. Many people envision a eugenic future for society that should have happened long ago. They claim that the early eugenic movement was merely a mishap, a product of ignorance and prejudice. A series of resentful statements by noteworthy scientists have tried to debunk the stigma associated with eugenics so that it might again thrive. Scientist Marion Van Court claimed, the Nazis pseudoscience perversion of the eugenics concept had the greatest influence on public opinion, promulgating the notion of eugenics as the ideology of racism and genocide (Van Court, 1982). Van Court fails to see that eugenics is associated with these ignorant notions because the science itself is inherently discriminatory. Others publicly advocate a new eugenics consciousness. Raymond B. Chattel, a renowned psychologist, claimed in an interview that at present, we have unemployment On rather a large scale in most industrialized countries Which can be eliminated only by elimination of emetic lag on the culture (The Eugenics Bulletin, 1984). Chattel, well known for his book Beyond, described the need for a new evolution in religion that would allow eugenic morals and values. Chattel represents classic Coalition eugenics that require a restructuring of civic laws to increase the distance between people of dissimilar race (Miller, 1997). Another significant racist view comes from Dry. William Pierce. Besides founding his own organization for the propagation of the white Anglo race, Pierce has written fictional accounts of what the future holds under a racist eugenic movement. He contends that a systematic extermination of inferior individuals is necessary for the evolution of humankind. It is impossible to deny the proliferation of racist ideology within the scientific community. They seek to carry society into the third and last stage of Gallons model of eugenic success. Conclusion Behavioral geneticists have become the astrologers of the modern era. They have defined behaviors inconsistently, yielded unreliable and non- reproducible results, and used fraudulent methodology that questions their integrity. The field succeeds only in individual cases that typically apply to society through generalization, prejudice, and bigotry. As is usually the case, the heart of the problem has to do with how society uses the results (Learn, 1998); however, behavioral geneticists should be held accountable. The fields reductionism approach limits its thinking to only the tiniest parts, so that they often fail to see the importance of viewing things as a whole. Nevertheless, there should be a realization that scientists have a duty to exercise self-restraint in pressing further those scientific activities that may result in dangers for the whole of humankind (Stone, 1973). As the history in his paper has clarified, the behavioral genetic field is filled with errors, bad intentions, and explosive atrocities. Gallons eugenic ideology gave white Anglo-Saxons a sense of purity and superiority that fueled the flames of Hitters genocide. The total number of sterilizations and deaths the field is responsible for is in the millions. Its blackened history should be enough to stifle its progress, but the field continues to thrust forward. In recent times, Buckboards twin studies, Hermistons academic backing, and the Violence Initiatives governmental support have allowed genetic studies on children ND a continued focus on behavioral genetics.

Cringe Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cringe Story - Essay Example As I was heading towards the restaurant to grab a cup of coffee I saw someone gazing at me from distance. He had a persona like none other, a very charming and a good looking guy was consistently trying to establish eye contact with me and I was consistently pretending as though I had a decision to make but it was a fairly easy one. I went straight to him and introduced myself; he was taken aback initially but settled down like a duck takes to water. He had a very strong personality and a very impressive one too, he was very good at conversing and this was something I was looking for in my ideal man. I knew this was a match made in heaven and this was certainly not the first time I thought so, fickle minded people get carried away very quickly but deep down I knew he was the one. We had a very interesting conversation about the purpose of our trips, he had come there to attend a wedding and also to catch up with a few other friends while I had also come there for the very same purpose, everything seem to be in accord. I was completely blown away with his charm; he was not like the usual guys I had met earlier. He was something special and the way he carried himself was splendid. We inevitably ended up exchanging numbers and I got a call from him the very same night, we spoke for hours without realizing it, the time just flew past. He was never shy of offering his helping hand when I needed it the most, I remember him bailing me out of trouble many a time. Likewise, I tried to help him as much as I possibly could. We also started going out together more often than not, I got to know him better and he also had several opportunities to know me better. Upon looking back I realize that mundane day was not mundane after all and we were destined to meet on that particular day. Today we have taken our friendship one step forward, we have decided to get engaged and the future

Canadas Electoral System at the Federal level. Political Participation Essay

Canadas Electoral System at the Federal level. Political Participation in Canada - Essay Example This has not been the situation in Canada. Appointive change has been an exceedingly wrangled about the issue all through Canadian legislative issues. As of now, Canada's appointive framework is being addressed for its powerlessness to mirror the political perspectives of its residents. The single member plurality system (SMP), which Canada utilizes to create a just election, can make agents be chosen without most of the well-known votes. Interestingly, the arrangement of proportional representation disposes of a disparity in parliament synthesis by guaranteeing representation from each gathering that got votes. Despite the fact that this framework would unavoidably bring about minority governments, it would properly take into account the perspectives of the constituents. To create a more successful government, Canada's single member plurality framework ought to be supplanted by an arrangement of proportional representation (PR). Single Member Plurality framework vs Proportional Representation Canada's present single member plurality appointive framework is frequently depicted as a "first past the post† framework. The path, in which this framework capacity works, is that every voter is permitted one vote and the competitor with the most votes (or a majority) gets to be chosen. Then again, proportional representation can be expert through a large number of discretionary strategies. However, for accommodation, we will concentrate essentially on the two most outstanding frameworks: party list framework, and mixed member proportionality. Finally, we will conclude with answering which electoral system would be best for Canada at the federal level?

Jacobs and Douglass' Narratives Regarding the True Escape from Slavery Research Paper

Jacobs and Douglass' Narratives Regarding the True Escape from Slavery - Research Paper Example \Writers such as Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass provide examples of the dehumanizing elements of slavery, hinted when Jacobs comments â€Å"Slavery is terrible for men, but is more terrible for women†, while also providing clues as to how slavery might be escaped through education as in Douglass’ statement, â€Å"You have seen how a man was made a slave; you shall now see how a slave was made a man.† These examples and clues can be found in Douglass’ Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass and Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Both books bring into sharp relief the miserable conditions of a slave’s life and the ways in which it dehumanized the black people. Douglass sadly informs the reader that he is uncertain of his age or the day he was born and, although his mother died when he was seven years old, he was relatively unaffected by the news as he had been separated from her since infancy. â€Å"Never having enjoyed, to any considerable extent, her soothing presence, her tender and watchful care, I received the tidings of [my mother’s] death with much the same emotions I should have probably felt at the death of a stranger† (Douglass Ch. 1). By the time Douglass was seven, he had learned of the death of his mother, watched his aunt brutally whipped and had taken his own place at work in the fields. He describes the life of the slave, illustrating its bestial level of survival existence and the types of behaviors they were expected to exhibit when they were in the presence of their mas ters. Jacobs also focuses on the brutality of slavery in her description of early life as a slave girl actively pursued by a lascivious slave owner. The only way she can avoid becoming her master’s black mistress at the age of 15 is to give herself up to another white man of her own choosing. â€Å"I shed bitter tears that I was no longer worthy of being respected by the good and pure

Prepare a proposal to the CEO of ZExpress Coursework

Prepare a proposal to the CEO of ZExpress - Coursework Example They need to understand their role and others as well to put the overall administration in perspective. It’s only then they shall optimize the resources and take full advantage of the M&A which has taken place. If there is a communication gap between management or structural deficiencies, it will directly effect the business and hence its profitability. SMART objectives Specific: What exactly do I want to achieve Create a structure which is acceptable to all top management of merged companies. Who reports to whom? Why? Who is senior to whom? Why? Is single reporting structure better or should there be dual reporting? How about dotted reporting? Should companies still consider their staff separate from other companies? These are few of the questions which can be asked in order to achieve this project, because I believe that its only a healthy management team which can fulfill your target of increasing revenue and decreasing costs by correct delegation and reporting. Measurable: How will I know I have got it? Seamless flow of administrative instructions with 99% accuracy will be a point where one can say that the structure is running smoothly. There can be staff members identified from the top management who shall be responsible in implementing the whole plan and giving feedback to overall management team about its progress and improvements required if any. Since time in hand to revamp the whole system is only 6 months, keeping in mind the Bonsai business, this needs to be done on priority and within 6 weeks or so. Achievable: How do you know you are capable of reaching this goal? A step is already taken by identifying the CEO, 3 VPs and 3 GMs all from different erstwhile companies. The rest of the structure should fall in place whereby the remaining Ex GMs and VPs and COOs of the merged companies find their best fit in the organization. There are innumerable examples of good and bad management structures available by research on other companies where one can learn from in case of such M&As. Hence its certainly achievable, but its success depends on its planning and execution. Realistic: How realistic is this goal? Putting a structure in place for better organizational management is achievable with correct information and cooperation from all team members. This is a prerequisite and there is no question of it being non realistic. Timed: How long will it take me to reach this goal? Time is of essence here, but that should not lead to a haphazard structure or strategy. Huge effort has to go into this, within a significantly small time frame. 6 weeks is what I have set with scope of 2 weeks delay. This is assuming that its not only the restructuring work being carried out but other projects being implemented side by side in operations, logistics and administration. Contribution to your goals This project will be the hidden secret to your success if its well executed. Team work specially between staff of different merged companies is key to success of the united entity. Your goal to make UPE a company which is most exciting to your staff and suppliers and eventually become best distribution and Logistics Company worldwide can be possible if this goal is achieved in early stages of new company. It is these joint teams which will enable the company to be agile and responsive to customer’s business needs across the world. Challenge 1 - Relatively less cooperation from management team of either of the merged com

Stress in Law Enforcement Results in a High Degree of Divorce and Research Paper

Stress in Law Enforcement Results in a High Degree of Divorce and Suicide - Research Paper Example Indications suggest what can be done to alleviate the problems both individually as officers, within their families, and within the organization as a whole. Finally, the information covers law enforcement officers’ duties regarding service to the community and how the community can avoid a disservice to the officers. Key words: double bind, stresses, high risk lifestyle Stress in Law Enforcement Results in a High Degree of Divorce and Suicide. How does this Problem Develop and How is it Mitigated? Introduction â€Å"If you ever find me like that (shot), you better start looking for the one who did it, because I would never do that to myself (Boyce, 2006).† This was a statement previously quoted by a State Trooper who did not come home as usual after his shift. The officer was found with a gunshot wound to the head and sitting in his own car after a long and diligent search. The State Crime Lab determined that he had taken his own life. What would cause an officer to do such a thing to himself? Sergeant Boyce can remember seeing warning signs, after the fact, that the officer was under much physical and emotional stress (Boyce, 2006). The dead officer had become withdrawn and did not work with the rest of the officers as he had in the past. Sergeant James Boyce recalls himself when dozing in a chair at his home on the couch, and his wife or one of the kids touched him, he would sit straight up and make a fist as if ready to fight. Is an incident such as this caused by the everyday stress of law enforcement? (Boyce, 2006). According to Hans Selye, a respected researcher in stress, â€Å"police work is the most stressful occupation in America (Boyce, 2006).† Law enforcement stress leads to one of the highest, suicide rates in the nation in comparison to other occupations. The divorce rate for other occupations is 50 percent while law enforcement divorce rates are as high as 75 percent. This makes the divorce rate among police officers second i n the nation. These facts alone are a warning sign targeted at law enforcement management. Extreme Negative Effects Dan Goldfarb covers the impact of stress on police officers at a union delegates meeting. He defines stress in a very unconventional way, but it relates very well to the job of police work. Stress is â€Å"that feeling and desire along with the ensuing bodily effects, experienced by a person who has a strong and true longing to choke the living shit out of someone who desperately deserves it, but you can’t (Goldfarb, 2011).† It is Goldfarbs’ contention that although this might be a very funny way to convey the information, however, there is a real truth to it. Law enforcement work calls for an incredible amount of discipline and restraint. This restraint is a continuing thing and it causes insurmountable stress. Goldfarb points out that between 1934 and 1960 police suicide rates were half that of the general population and between 1980 and the pres ent have almost doubled (Goldfarb, 2011). So the difference in the present vs. the past is, â€Å"You can’t choke em anymore,† as he puts it. He contends that street justice no longer exists, the media is continually showing the negative side of police work, and politicians cater to the public and new laws, therefore, your hands are tied. So, law enforcement officers start to feel like they are being choked. According to research the biggest stresses for police work are, 1. Taking a life in the line

Prepare a proposal to the CEO of ZExpress Coursework

Prepare a proposal to the CEO of ZExpress - Coursework Example They need to understand their role and others as well to put the overall administration in perspective. It’s only then they shall optimize the resources and take full advantage of the M&A which has taken place. If there is a communication gap between management or structural deficiencies, it will directly effect the business and hence its profitability. SMART objectives Specific: What exactly do I want to achieve Create a structure which is acceptable to all top management of merged companies. Who reports to whom? Why? Who is senior to whom? Why? Is single reporting structure better or should there be dual reporting? How about dotted reporting? Should companies still consider their staff separate from other companies? These are few of the questions which can be asked in order to achieve this project, because I believe that its only a healthy management team which can fulfill your target of increasing revenue and decreasing costs by correct delegation and reporting. Measurable: How will I know I have got it? Seamless flow of administrative instructions with 99% accuracy will be a point where one can say that the structure is running smoothly. There can be staff members identified from the top management who shall be responsible in implementing the whole plan and giving feedback to overall management team about its progress and improvements required if any. Since time in hand to revamp the whole system is only 6 months, keeping in mind the Bonsai business, this needs to be done on priority and within 6 weeks or so. Achievable: How do you know you are capable of reaching this goal? A step is already taken by identifying the CEO, 3 VPs and 3 GMs all from different erstwhile companies. The rest of the structure should fall in place whereby the remaining Ex GMs and VPs and COOs of the merged companies find their best fit in the organization. There are innumerable examples of good and bad management structures available by research on other companies where one can learn from in case of such M&As. Hence its certainly achievable, but its success depends on its planning and execution. Realistic: How realistic is this goal? Putting a structure in place for better organizational management is achievable with correct information and cooperation from all team members. This is a prerequisite and there is no question of it being non realistic. Timed: How long will it take me to reach this goal? Time is of essence here, but that should not lead to a haphazard structure or strategy. Huge effort has to go into this, within a significantly small time frame. 6 weeks is what I have set with scope of 2 weeks delay. This is assuming that its not only the restructuring work being carried out but other projects being implemented side by side in operations, logistics and administration. Contribution to your goals This project will be the hidden secret to your success if its well executed. Team work specially between staff of different merged companies is key to success of the united entity. Your goal to make UPE a company which is most exciting to your staff and suppliers and eventually become best distribution and Logistics Company worldwide can be possible if this goal is achieved in early stages of new company. It is these joint teams which will enable the company to be agile and responsive to customer’s business needs across the world. Challenge 1 - Relatively less cooperation from management team of either of the merged com

Rwandan and Guatemalan Genocide Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rwandan and Guatemalan Genocide - Term Paper Example As the definition of political self and political others has different connotation in different ages. (Mamdani, 2002). Mamdani is of the view that genocide has to be understood 'within the logic of colonialism.' Since the colonialism generated two types of impulses of genocide: the genocide of natives by the colonialists [settlers] and second was the impulse of natives to do away with the settlers. But the violence of natives was not taken as genocide for it all was justified by the application of self defense. As for Fanon the violence of the natives intended to end the violence of the usurpers [the colonialists] and such violence germinated the seed of a new humanism. Rwanda is the smallest country in Central Africa; comprising of population of 7 million people. There exist two main ethnic groups in the country; the Hutu (80-90%) and Tutsis (10-15%). During the colonial occupation of Belgium the Tutsis were the ruling elite dominating the Hutu peasantry. After the independence of Rwanda in 1962 the Hutu majority took over the power. The new ruling elite started oppressing the Tutsis forcing them to flee and consequently, 200,000 Tutsis fled to the neighboring countries. The Tutsis in retaliation formed the Rwanda Patriotic Front which succeeded in forcing the Hutu president in 1990to concede to the power sharing agreement. (seehttp://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/rwanda.htm) The ethnic tension in Rwanda was heightened in 1993 after the assassination of Melchior Ndadaye, the first elect Hutu president of neighboring Burundi. 25000 peace keeping troops of the United Nations were dispatched to take care of the 'fragile cease fire' between the Tutsis rebels and the Hutu government. As the Hutu were reluctant to share power with.Tutsis and wanted annihilation of the rival tribe. In April 1994, Rwanda president Habyalimana and the new president of Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira had a several peace meetings with Tutsi rebels. On April 6 when the two presidents were coming from Tanzania were killed on the Kigali airport by gunning down their plan. This incident fanned the political violence in Rwanda as the Hutu started killing their opponents even the moderates Hutus were not spared. The Study of the Genocide in Rwanda: Mamdani(2002) has the view that genocide has to be understood "within the logic of colonialism". A few lines published In the article The Genocide in 20th Century , on the site The History Place may help us to focus our study on the above

Students with Exceptional needs Essay Example for Free

Students with Exceptional needs Essay I observed a student with delayed developmental milestones in One Tree School. The student has very slow catching up capacity and according to her teacher she is left behind most of the time by the class. Her teacher ensures that before presenting lectures in class, he make a simplified copy of lecture notes which is given to the student. The teacher assures me that the teaching standards offered to the class are understandable to the student with delayed developmental milestone. In addition the student is given tape recorded material to assist her in re-evaluating the lectures after classes. The class environment is very favourable for this student because there are other three students with exceptional needs in the same class room. The school administration has established policies which ensure that all students with exceptional needs are served well and accorded quality standardized education. Other students in the classroom, who have no exceptional needs have been advised on how to handle, cope with, and assist this student to increase her understanding abilities. I asked to read the child’s Individual Education Plan (IEP) and her teacher was very cooperative. The IEP of this student has been well designed based on her disability and knowledge capacity. It has included all the knowledge and skills which the students need in order to progress to the next grade. The IEP of this student has specifically included her educational program which is English language arts program. The IEP analyzes her current performance in class based on the examination and test results given by teachers, parents and other school staff. According to the individual education plan her disability has not affected her class work much because she is a bright student who is willing to learn. The IEP shows the annual goals and objectives which she is required to accomplish in terms of academic or behavioral needs. She has made measuring progress in her previous grades according to the achieved objectives. All special education services are included in the IEP and provided to the child. However, she is not allowed to participate in academic contests which involve arithmetic and geometry studies. She picks up very slowly both academically and socially. She has difficulty catching up with teachers in class especially when the presentation is very fast. She has a problem in finishing her class work assignments on time due to a slow speed of understanding. The student experiences difficulty in socializing and making friends with classmates and schoolmates. She spends most time in isolation and has developed low self esteem and lack of confidence. Teachers and the girl’s parents have collaborated to initiate measures which ensure the student’s needs are met. The girl is given extra tutoring after school and assessed using individual tests to update her academic level. Support groups are put up in place in the school to assist her in developing social and interpersonal skills. I would change the instructional delivery system by ensuring that the child is allowed to participate in challenging events such as geometry contests and taking arithmetic assignments to improve her overall understanding level. This will increase her self esteem and level of confidence. It will allow her to adapt in any kind of environment, despite her delayed developmental milestones. The student should be widely consulted and assessed to create instructions that will be effective in providing all required knowledge and skills. Grade Four English-language Arts Content Standards. Reading 1. 0 Word Analysis, Fluency, and Systematic Vocabulary Development Students understand the basic features of reading. They select letter patterns and know how to translate them into spoken language by using phonics, syllabication, and word parts. They apply this knowledge to achieve fluent oral and silent reading. Word Recognition 1. 1 Read narrative and expository text aloud with grade-appropriate fluency and accuracy and with appropriate pacing, intonation, and expression. Vocabulary and Concept Development 1. 2 Apply knowledge of word origins, derivations, synonyms, antonyms, and idioms to determine the meaning of words and phrases. 1. 3 Use knowledge of root words to determine the meaning of unknown words within a passage. 1. 4 Know common roots and affixes derived from Greek and Latin and use this knowledge to analyze the meaning of complex words (e. g. , international). 1. 5 Use a thesaurus to determine related words and concepts. 1. 6 Distinguish and interpret words with multiple meanings.

Drug abuse and addiction

Drug abuse and addiction Abstract Drug abuse and addiction is a common problem in the world and is everywhere you look. With this disorder so common, the truth is shed on the misconceptions that people have about drug abuse and addiction. This paper provides a brief overview of drug abuse and addiction, while also looking at the aspects of epidemiology, pathophysiology, social problems, and ethical problems that might present with emergency medical responders. Addiction and abuse; what does it mean; who does it affect? Addiction and abuse are often confused with each other. Abuse occurs whenever a substance is used usually alcohol or illicit drugs while on the other hand addiction can occur in a wide variety activities and substances. Addiction is defined as compulsive need for and use of a habit-forming substance (as heroin, nicotine, or alcohol) characterized by tolerance and by well-defined physiological symptoms upon withdrawal; broadly: persistent use compulsive of a substance known by the user to be harmful. (http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addiction) Addiction is not always a habit-forming substances, it can also include such things as sex, gambling, video games, or even the internet. Even so, the main focus of society is still on drugs, alcohol and tobacco. Some characteristics of the epidemiology and pathophysiology will be discussed along with the social impacts that addiction may cause and any ethical issues that mig ht be found with addiction and emergency medical service providers. The study of addictive behavior is relatively young. According to Dr. Volkhow (2010) science only began to study addictive behavior in the 1930s. Before this, scientists that were studying drug abuse were plagued with shadows of misconceptions and myths of the nature of addiction. But with the discoveries today and with the information of how chemicals work in the brain and the ways it alters it there is a better understanding of drug and alcohol addiction. According to Dr. Dryden-Edwards (n.d.) Drug addiction, also called substance dependence or chemical dependency, is a disease that is characterized by a destructive pattern of drug abuse that leads to significant problems involving tolerance to or withdrawal from the substance, as well as other problems that use of the substance can cause for the sufferer, either socially or in terms of their work or school performance. More than 2.6% of people suffer from drug addiction at some time in their life. (http://www.medicinenet.com/drug_ abuse/article.htm) Common substances that are abused and that become addicting are alcohol, amphetamines, anabolic steroids, caffeine, cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opiates, phencyclidine, as well as sedative, hypnotic, or anti-anxiety drugs. Though drug and alcohol addiction is considered a mental- health problem, there is no single cause that can be determined. Though some people believe that abuse and addiction is a genetic disease, this is false. There is a predisposition to develop the drug dependency due to ones environment. Epidemiology: The social risk factors for drug abuse and addiction include the male gender, being between that age eighteen and forty four, persons of Native-American heritage, lower socioeconomic status, and unmarried marital status. According to state statistics residents of the western United States are more susceptible to substance abuse and dependency. While men are more prone to developing alcoholism, women seem to be much more vulnerable to alcoholism at much lower amount of alcohol consumption, due to lower average body mass that males. (Dryden-Edwards, n.d.) The combined medical, economic, criminal, and social impact costs Americans upwards of half a trillion dollars a year. Every year abuse of drugs and alcohol contributes to the deaths of 100,000 Americans, with tobacco contributing to an estimated 440,000 deaths per year. People of all ages suffer the harmful consequences of drug and alcohol abuse and addiction. Babies can be affected while still in the mothers womb if she is to use dr ugs or alcohol, which will cause birth defects and slow the intellectual development in their later life. Adolescents often act out, perform poorly in school and often drop out if they are abusing drugs. They are more at risk or unplanned pregnancies, infectious diseases, and violence. Adults and parents are also affected, often clouding their cognitive abilities. With all of the exposure, the stage is set for the next generation to step right in to the addictive lifestyle. Pathophysiology: Addiction mainly affects the brain, but affects cascade throughout a persons organ systems. Drugs and mind altering substances that can be abused target the bodys natural reward system either purposefully or unintentionally causing over all euphoric effects for the user. These effects come from the dopamine, which is a neurotransmitter that regulates movement, cognition, emotion, feelings of pleasure, and motivation. Dopamine is released naturally to reward the body for natural behaviors and initiates a cycle to repeat the behavior. The dopamine neurotransmitter floods the reward system that is usually secreted in limited amounts from routine actions such as eating or even sex. The brain views this as a life-sustaining activity due to the reward system being activated. When the chemical substance is introduced into a persons system and the euphoric effects are achieved, the individuals brain makes a note that some important event is happening and it teaches itself to do this action a gain and again as a force of habit. (Volkhow 2010) The taking of an illicit drug can cause a person to act on impulse when the reasons system of the brain would delay or prevent an action. This system is bypassed, leading to an undesired activity that can potentially have a negative consequence on the users life. Though some of the effects of drugs and chemical substances are euphoric at times, other times the substance can cause paranoia, depression, and suicidal thoughts. (Dryden-Edwards n.d.) If use of the drug continues, the brain becomes acclimated to the influx of dopamine in the reward system. This leads to the reduction of release of dopamine and the number of dopamine receptors in the system itself. This in turn affects the users ability to achieve the desired effects of the used drug. This response by the individuals brain causes them to try to reactivate the receptors by increasing the amount or dosage of the drug to achieve the same dopamine high. This effect is known as a tolerance. With long-term abuse of a drug, changes occur to other systems in the brain. The neurotransmitter glutamate which also is part of the reward systems can be altered which causes an inability to learn. When the optimal level of glutamate is off balance the brain attempts to compensate, which in turn affects the users cognitive function. (NIDA 2011) When the brain has become accustomed to the effect of the drug, dependence is formed and cessation of the drug abuse will cause an event referred to as withdrawal. While most symptoms of withdrawal are at most uncomfortable for an addict, there are also some serious symptoms that can include tonic-clonic seizures, myocardial infarction, stroke, hallucinations, and delirium tremens. (Melemis 2011) Social, Ethical Issues and The Impact on EMS: The consequences of addiction and abuse are evident in a persons social life. The destructive behavior of addiction affects everything from work to their personal life, even from the beginning of the abuse. The signs of addiction from the physical stand point include a changing of sleeping habits and changes in eating habits, which contribute to both weight loss and weight gain. Recurrent drug abuse leads to the lack of meeting important obligations at home, school, or work. (Dryden-Edwards) Other affects of addiction can include family disintegration, domestic violence, child abuse, failure in school, and loss of employment. Subjects with addictions tend to be risk takers and thrill seekers. With the changes in the reward system of the brain, the subject expects a positive reaction before they take a substance which satisfies their need for risk or thrills. Impulse control is hard when their drug of choice is around people with addiction. This feeds the addiction even more. (Nash J ohnson, 2007) The impact on the emergency medical services is immeasurable. The calls caused by addiction can vary from trauma to a medical overdose. The role of the emergency medical provider in calls for an overdose patient requires the paramedic to find out what and how much the patient took, and what the proper medication is to reverse the condition that the patient is currently experiencing. Along with the calls comes the danger. With possible violent outbreaks by addicts, the paramedic has to be aware of his or her surroundings while trying to calm the patient. Patients experiencing withdrawals can hallucinate an entire event and incorporate the paramedic in it, causing the patient to become violent towards their care provider. Addiction is a very dangerous condition and can be considered a psychiatric problem, which needs to be treated with a certain diligence and suspicion. In the realm of EMS the occurrence of calls for addiction are rare since it is not really an emergency situation. The occasion does arise if a patient is experiencing violent symptoms of withdrawal or has overdosed on a substance. The patient could appear to be in an agitated state or even be unconscious. There is no predetermined way to handle a patient experiencing addiction related problems. They main key is to treat the patients symptoms. All patients need to be put on supplemental oxygen via nonrebreather if it can be tolerated. Intravenous access should be obtained with an infusion of normal saline to help flush out the patients system. If the patient is in an agitated state or seizing, a sedative should be administered, such as valium or versed. Beware, with the administration of benzodiazepines the risk of respiratory depression or failure is present. If the patient is experiencing an overdose of an opiate and their breathing is shallow or nonexistent the administration of Na rcan 0.4 to 2 milligrams, but beware to administer this drug slowly and titrate it to where the patient can breathe just enough to sustain life. If airway and breathing problems persist then intubation should be considered to secure the patients airway. Rapid transport with due regard is suggested so that the patient can be evaluated and the hospital staff can begin their detoxification. The world of addiction is harsh and unforgiving if one is not willing to leave it behind. Some people say that addiction is all in the head, and my research verifies this. The affects on the brain from forming a learned habit is rewarded in much the same way such as eating or drinking. The reward system practically gets destroyed by the drugs or substances being used by the influx of neurotransmitters released. With the receptors becoming desensitized, the subject will need to increase the intake of the substance to achieve their high. The repercussions of the abuse and addiction become apparent after time when the violence and compulsiveness takes over. The physical tolls, including depression and illness can be debilitating at times. The only way to decrease drug abuse and addiction is to educate the public. The best prevention is avoidance.

Dual-Career Marriages :: Working Feminism Essays

The decision of married women to diligently pursue a career comparable to their husbands has redefined traditional spousal roles forever. Dual-career couples are increasing in number constantly, as more and more women decide that they want to accomplish ambitions they have created for themselves before, if not instead of, living out the traditional woman's role of wife and mother. These marriages pose an amazing challenge to gender role customs, with dramatically different priorities and means of cooperation than ever considered (or rather, recognized) before now. These husbands and wives undermine the traditional structure of marital roles. They are concentrating more on career development than family development, seeking self-sufficiency, high achievement, better social status, and financial success. And of course, they acknowledge both positive and negative consequences of these practices. Wives' high career commitment The modern career woman's high degree of commitment to her career in the 1990s may be one of the most problematic factors concerning marital satisfaction of both husbands and wives. While the workforce has finally accepted the position of women as interchangeable with that of a man, the same transition still has yet to occur completely and successfully in the household. The dissatisfaction of working wives tends to be a consequence of their expanding, instead of redefined, responsibilities and role as a result of their demanding career. In contrast, husbands' marital dissatisfaction often results from the fact that she is less available for him, to accommodate him, because she does not have the time. Nonetheless, some career women are readily admitting to their husbands that their work comes first. Another apparent consequence of wives' high career commitment is the increasingly limited amount of children in the dual-career marriages of young couples. L.J. Beckman's (1978) work showed that working women considered parenting and a career as conflicting, if not competing roles.1 Rosanna Hertz's study (1987) of corporate career couples explains that employers' expectations of career-devoted employees are still based on the assumption that the employee is a man, and constructed around male social roles and experience. His (or her) devotion to the needs of the company are regarded as his/her investment in the corporation, in turn, meriting investment in them by the company (e.g. promotion, salary increase, more flexible management, etc.). When career-oriented women desire to have and care for children in a traditional manner (such as taking time off while the children are young) rather than following the stereotype male career pattern, it is often interpreted as disinvesting in the corporation.

Bless Me Ultima :: essays research papers

Talfud once said that, “Men see in their dreams only that what is suggested by their own thought.'; In Bless Me Ultima, the passage after Narciso’s death is crucial in understanding that Antonio processes his conflicts in his dreams. This passage is key for the understanding that Antonio’s dreams are his way of processing his conflict between the Catholic God and the Golden Carp. With the processing of Antonio’s conflicts, Anaya uses extremely vivid imagery to help us understand the meaning of this passage This Passage is key in realizing Antonio resolves his conflicts between the Catholic God and the Golden Carp. The Catholic God refuses to let Antonio in to heaven during his dream because he worships the golden carp before God. God deems that “I can have [one] who has golden idols before [me]'; (165) thereby forbidding Antonio from heaven because he had an idol, the golden carp, before God. God does not forgive Antonio because he is a “not a God of forgiveness'; but when he does offer forgiveness God claims that Antonio must ask for Tenorio’s forgiveness also. “No! No! I cried, it is Narciso that you must forgive,';(65) Antonio refuses the idea that he, Narciso and Tenorio could all be in heaven together. While Narciso was protecting Ultima from Tenorio, Tenorio claimed that she had put a curse on Tenorio’s three daughters who were each slowly dying. After Antonio yells at God and the Virgin for wanting him to ask for forgiveness for Tenorio, too, God de cides to burn the entire village for their sins. The Golden Carp comes after the fires of the Catholic God and swallows the remains of the citizens of the burnt valley up and then changes them into new perfect beings. The dream after Narciso’s murder helps Antonio settle the conflict between the Catholic God and the Golden Carp, Anaya also uses extremely vivid imagery to show that dreams help Antonio settle his conflicts. Anaya uses extremely vivid imagery to show us that Antonio’s way of dealing with his conflicts is through his dreams were he settles the conflict between the Catholic God and the Golden Crap. “I held my bloodied hands out to touch [my brother’s foreheads],'; Antonio tries to save his brothers from hell because they had sinned at Rosies the “house of sinful women.'; With the words “Bloodied Hands,'; Anaya shows that Antonio is trying to sort out the conflict of Narciso’s death, while Narciso was trying to warn Ultima about Tenorio.

Barron V Baltimore

Among the original decisions handed down by the United States Supreme Court, some gave limitations to the power of the Federal government, others expanded upon the rights of the Federal government, and still others differentiated between the powers granted to the Federal government versus the powers granted to the individual states.It is among this final group that the decision in Barron v.  Baltimore belongs, as it was a decisive moment for the court to very clearly comment on the separation of regulations reserved for the states as well as the regulations more appropriately assigned the Federal government. Decided in 1833, the decision is far-reaching and continues to impact American law and society in the present day.Although the decision in Barron v. Baltimore impacts primarily the Fifth Amendment, the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment expands on both the interpretation of the Fifth Amendment as well as the holding in Barron v.Baltimore. The major player in this case, John Ba rron, was a wharf owner in the state of Maryland. Barron enjoyed a profitable enterprise utilizing the deepest waters on the coast of Baltimore, until activities by the city began to impact his business. In 1815, Barron alleged that the City of Baltimore â€Å"diverted the flow of streams while engaging in street construction†, creating â€Å"mounds of sand and earth near his wharf, making the water too shallow for most vessels†.(Wikipedia, 2007) Because it was the activities of the city of Baltimore that impacted his trade and not natural erosion, Barron felt legally wrong and brought suit against the city seeking damages for loss of business due to his ships not being able to flow freely into and out of his wharf due to decreased depth of water. The City of Baltimore disagreed with the allegations of John Barron, and instead stated in court that they were simply conducting the activities necessary to maintain their city as was their right.According to the first volum e of the American Law Encyclopedia, Baltimore, as a city, was modernizing in 1815, and their updates included â€Å"building embankments, grading roads, and paving streets†. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Because those modernization activities included diverting small waterways, and because a series of natural rainstorms filled those diverted waterways with dirt, the flow of water led to the buildup of silt at the emptying location of the waterways, which was the wharf owned by John Barron.A local court, upon hearing the case, found that Barron had indeed been wronged by the City of Baltimore, and awarded damages in the amount of $4500, to compensate for business lost. The City of Baltimore was greatly displeased by this decision, in that it indicated that they had purposefully taken use of the land (water) owned by Barron and used without compensation, when, in fact, the filling of his wharf with silt was an unfortunate by product of modernization activities being conduct ed inland.Upon appeal, â€Å"a Maryland appellate court reversed† and thus the pendulum swung back to Barron to move the case forward. (American Law Encyclopedia, 2007) Barron did so by appealing to the United States Supreme Court, who heard the case on a writ of error. The decision handed down by the United States Supreme Court in the case of Barron v. Baltimore represented one of the first occasions of review for the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. According to the website entitled Common Sense Americanism, â€Å"the primary question before the Court was whether the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution could be made to apply to the states†. When written and ratified shortly after the Constitution was itself written and ratified, the Amendments were widely understood to apply to the Federal government and its actions and reach, as the actions and reach of the State governments were provided for by the Tenth Amendment as well as state legislation . However, in the case of Barron v. Baltimore, Barron sought to have the Fifth Amendment cross applied to have a local entity held accountable to the same standards.The portion of the Fifth Amendment so highly relevant to this case states â€Å"nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation†. (U. S. Const. , Amend. V) The decision by the local court clearly thought that by assigning compensation, the Fifth Amendment was thereby satisfied; the state court disagreed in stating that the Fifth Amendment did not apply. The United States Supreme Court held simply that â€Å"Barron had no claim against the state under the Bill of Rights because the Bill of Rights does not apply to the states†.(McBride, 2006) The rationale used by the court in coming to this blunt conclusion was explained by McBride, saying that the tenants of the Constitution applied only to the government the Constitution creates – that is, the Federal government. Becaus e state governments had been afforded the right to create individual state Constitutions, they need instead be held to the standards created within those documents. In a decision written by Chief Justice Marshall, the case is dismissed for want of jurisdiction, because the same limitations and responsibilities assigned the Federal Government are â€Å"not applicable to the legislation of the States†.(Barron v. Baltimore, 1833) The holding of Barron v. Baltimore remains applicable to the present day because of the precedent set in separating the responsibilities of the state and Federal governments. In McCulloch v. Maryland, the precedent set limited the ability of a state government to impose restrictions on the Federal government. In Gibbons v. Ogden, the precedent set limited the role played by state governments in interstate commerce, reserving those powers instead to the Federal government. But in Barron v.Baltimore, a decision written by the same Chief Justice as the two prior cases, the precedent seemed to differ, in that instead of imposing a Federal standard and Federal actions upon local communities, the Court instead distinguished between state and Federal powers and stated that the actions of a local entity could not be held to the same standards set for a Federal entity. Thirty-five years after the decision rendered in Barron v. Baltimore, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed.The first provision of this amendment very closely mimicked the Fifth Amendment, but notably leaving off the final wording regarding compensation for use of land. Whereas the Fifth Amendment states â€Å"no person shall†¦be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation†, the Fourteenth Amendment states â€Å"No State shall†¦deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any perso n within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws†. So while the holding in Barron v.Baltimore eventually influenced the creation of the Fourteenth Amendment, compensation for the use of land is notably left silent. Despite that, the long-lasting legacy of Barron v. Baltimore is that despite an initial holding of the inapplicability of Federal regulations on state or local entities, it lead to the laying of groundwork for currently followed precedents that the states are now held to similar standards as the Federal government, due to the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment. References Barron v. Baltimore. 32 U. S. 243 (1833). Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). American Law Encyclopedia, Vol 1.Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://law. jrank. org/pages/4681/Barron-v-Baltimore. html. Barron v. Baltimore. (2007). Wikipedia. Retrieved March 30, 2007, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Barron_v. _Baltimore. Common Sense Americanism. (2007). Barron v. City of Baltimore. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://www. csamerican. com/SC. asp? r=32+U. S. +243. McBride, A. (2006). The Supreme Court The First Hundred Years Landmark Cases Barron v. Baltimore. Retrieved March 30, 2007 from http://www. pbs. org/wnet/supremecourt/antebellum/landmark_barron. html. U. S. Const. , Amend. V. U. S. Const. , Amend. XIV.